Hydraulic Analysis and Direct Design of Multiple Outlets Pipelines Laid on Flat and Sloping Lands

Yıldırım, Gürol

doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(2006)132:6(537)

Cited by 34 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…For this example, the recent analytical procedure (Yıldırım, 2006) (Hathoot et al, 2000) yields similar results for the pipe size; for design case (a) D ¼ 10.0 mm and for design case (b) D ¼ 13.0 mm for small, medium and large size of emitter barb, respectively. It is evident from the results of three design procedures that considering local energy losses has the effect of increasing the pipe diameter by 30%, decreasing the operating inlet pressure head by 30%, as well as the total energy losses due to increase in pipe size is decreased by 60%.…”

Section: Applications and Verificationmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…For the downslope situation, this basic simplification is not valid since the location of the maximum and minimum pressure heads is variable along the line, and depends on the relationship between energy potential due to uniform pipe slope and the pipe friction losses. As a consequence, for the downhill slope case the location of the maximum pressure head is found either at the first outlet near the pipe inlet or at the first outlet from the downstream closed end point, whereas the location of the minimum pressure head can be found at any point along the pipe downstream segment (Yıldırım, 2006).…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…However, designers are often faced with the problem of selecting the economic pipe size and length for a given desired level of water application uniformity and given uniform pipe slope so as to maintain he correct operating inlet pressure head, allowable pressure head variation, and total or friction losses along the pipeline. In the literature, only a limited number of studies Kang and Nishiyama, 1996;Hathoot et al, 1993Hathoot et al, , 2000Ravikumar et al, 2003;Apaydın and Yıldırım, 2005;Yıldırım, 2006) deal with the direct hydraulic design procedure of multi-outlet plastic pipes in micro-irrigation systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a recent study Yıldırım (2006) presented an analytical procedure based on the non-uniform outflow concept, allowing the hydraulic analysis and direct solution of the design problem of a single-diameter multiple-outlet pipe. The equations developed in this procedure are suitable for designing laterals and manifolds in both trickle and sprinkler irrigation systems and can be applied to various types of outlets, different position of the first outlet, different flow regimes, and uniform line slopes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simplified procedure for hydraulic design of small‐diameter plastic pipes

Yıldırım

2008

Irrigation and Drainage

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A simple, direct and efficient semi-theoretical approach was developed to solve the hydraulic design problem of a horizontal or uphill sloping, single-diameter multi-outlet pipe. The proposed simplified model is essentially a design concept ensuring the hydraulic criteria for desired level of water application uniformity and allowable pressure head variation along with the limitation for economical pipe design. In the present technique, one can directly determine the smallest pipe size, pipe length, operating inlet pressure head and corresponding design parameters (pressure head variation, downstream end pressure head, total or friction losses and alternate uniformity expressions) for a desired level of water application uniformity with known design variables. For practical purposes, the design charts were also prepared to quickly determine the required design parameters. A comprehensive comparison test was applied for various design combinations. The examination results reveal that the proposed design technique is sufficiently accurate in comparison with the previous analytical and numerical procedures. RÉ SUMÉUne approche simple, directe, efficace et semi théorique a été développée pour faire le calcul hydraulique d'un tuyau horizontal ou incliné vers le haut, avec des branchements multiples et de diamètre uniforme. Le modèle simplifié proposé est essentiellement conçu pour assurer l'uniformité de la fourniture d'eau demandée, respectant la tolérance de variation de pression et la contrainte économique. Selon la technique présentée, on peut directement déterminer le diamètre minimal du tuyau, sa longueur, la pression de sortie et les paramètres correspondants (variation de pression, pression de sortie, pertes de charge totales et critères d'uniformité) pour un niveau désiré d'uniformité et selon les données utilisées pour la conception. Des abaques ont été également préparés pour déterminer rapidement les paramètres de conception exigés. Un test de comparaison exhaustif été réalisé pour différentes combinaisons de données. L'examen des résultats indique que la méthode proposée est suffisamment précise en comparaison des procédures analytiques et numériques précédentes.

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Section: Applications and Verificationmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Simplified procedure for hydraulic design of small‐diameter plastic pipes

Yıldırım

2008

Irrigation and Drainage

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“…This approach can be used to calculate flow variation on laterals and submains in trickle or sprinkler irrigation systems without an excessive calculation effort. Yıldırım (2006) presented analytical formulations allowing direct design of the pipe size and length for any desired uniformity level and given design slope for a single multiple-outlet pipeline. Baiamonte, Provenzano, and Rallo (2015) presented an analytical approach to evaluate the optimal length of paired drip laterals for which two distribution pipes extend in opposite directions from a main manifold placed on uniformly sloped ground.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a simplified model for predicting the optimum lengths of drip irrigation laterals with coextruded cylindrical in-line emitters

Yürdem

Demir

Mancuhan

2015

Biosystems Engineering

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An Assessment for Hydraulically Efficient Design of Uniformly Sloping Submain Lines

Yıldırım

2014

Irrigation and Drainage

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Determining the actual pressure head profiles along the submain lines with a uniform slope is very important for proper hydraulic design of water distribution systems. In practice, there are three general pressure head profiles (Type I, Type II, and Type III) along submain lines depending on different uniform line slope situations. Of all types of pressure profiles, the Type IIb profile is considered the optimal (or ideal) pressure profile which can produce the minimum pressure head difference for a given pipe length. This profile occurs when the total energy loss by friction is just balanced by the total energy gain due to uniform downslope. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis based on the energy-gradient ratio (EGR) approach to identify the optimal (or ideal) pressure profile (Type IIb), to achieve the minimal point of the relative maximum pressure variation, Φ H , which can be defined as the ratio of the maximum allowable pressure head difference (ΔH max ) to the total friction drop (h f(L) ). This minimal point is regarded as 'the most efficient pressure profile' or 'ideal hydraulic design' in the existing literature. For this purpose, an illustrative figure ( Figure 4) was developed to compare values of the relative maximum pressure variation versus the dimensionless EGR (K S = S 0 /S f ) for all types of pressure profiles. In this figure, the present ϕ H curve versus K S values allows the design engineer to make a decision for the best alternative for selecting the K S value, where for a given pipe slope (S 0 ) the K S value can be selected to meet the minimum pressure variation [K S =1, (ϕ H ) min =0.36] or the range of pressure variation as close to the minimum point as possible. The present design technique may provide a useful decision support tool for achieving a good design solution among hydraulically possible alternatives with minimal pressure head difference, and results in a higher level of water application uniformity along the multi-outlet pipeline system. RÉSUMÉDéterminer les profils réels de pression le long de tuyaux porte-rampes avec une pente uniforme est très important pour la conception hydraulique appropriée des systèmes de distribution d'eau. Dans la pratique, il existe trois profils de pression généraux (type I, type II et type III) le long des tuyaux en fonction de différentes situations de pente uniforme. Parmi tous les types de profils de pression, le profil type IIb est considéré comme le profil de pression optimale (ou idéal) qui peut produire la perte en charge minimale pour une longueur de tuyau donnée. Ce profil se produit lorsque la perte totale d'énergie par frottement est juste compensée par le gain d'énergie totale en raison de la pente descendante uniforme. Cet article présente une analyse complète sur la base du rapport de gradient d'énergie pour identifier la combinaison optimale (ou idéale) du profil de pression (type IIb) pour obtenir le minimum de variation relative de la pression maximale, ΦH. ΦH peut être défini comme le rapport de la différence de hauteur ...

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Hydraulic Analysis and Direct Design of Multiple Outlets Pipelines Laid on Flat and Sloping Lands

Cited by 34 publications

References 46 publications

Simplified procedure for hydraulic design of small‐diameter plastic pipes

Simplified procedure for hydraulic design of small‐diameter plastic pipes

Development of a simplified model for predicting the optimum lengths of drip irrigation laterals with coextruded cylindrical in-line emitters

An Assessment for Hydraulically Efficient Design of Uniformly Sloping Submain Lines

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