Hydration Strategies of Runners in the London Marathon

Williams, Jonathan M.; Brown, Victoria Tzortziou; Malliaras, Peter; Perry, Mark; Kipps, Courtney

doi:10.1097/jsm.0b013e3182364c45

Cited by 30 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…That is a considerably lower proportion in comparison with the 42-km marathoners in the study by Williams et al (2012). Nonetheless, we found a positive association between having hydration information and pre-race hydration planning among all participants; however, without influence on the actual fluid intake reported post-race.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Half-marathon and full-marathon runners preferred interpersonal contacts with other runners to information from literature, professional association position stands, or advertisements (O'Neal et al, 2011). Williams et al (2012) reported the London Marathon magazine as the prime source of knowledge, followed by information from friends with running experience. Multi-stage mountain bikers described in the study by Rose et al (2007) based their approach to fluid intake on their own personal experience, followed by advice from friends and magazines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fluid intake during single-day ultra-endurance events in which the top competitors finish in > 3 h ranges from 300 to 1000 mL/h (Garth and Burke, 2013) with the incidence of EAH in 0–51% of the study participants. A vast majority of the 42-km marathon runners had some information on drinking strategy; nevertheless, some of them planned to drink more than 3.5 L, which could put them at greater risk of EAH according to the authors (Williams et al, 2012). Runners exhibit behavior that is shaped by their beliefs about the benefits and risks of hydration (Winger et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydration behavior is a product of the belief systems and if pre-race beliefs have an effect on race behaviors, education may decrease the occurrence of EAH (Winger et al, 2011). Therefore, it seems logical that knowledge of the relationship between hydration beliefs and habits and plasma [Na + ], education regarding proper hydration practices and organized educational programmes would be of great practical value to athletes and those working with them (e.g., coaches, sports nutritionists) (Nichols et al, 2005; Williams et al, 2012; Hew-Butler et al, 2015; Krabak et al, 2016). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fluid over-consumption behaviors were evident during a running multi-stage ultra-marathon; however, water intake habits appeared to be sufficient to maintain euhydration state (Costa et al, 2013). Marathon runners lacked knowledge of fluid intake to prevent EAH during a race (Williams et al, 2012). Inexperienced runners are more likely to believe the “drink to stay ahead of thirst” dogma and according to Winger et al (2011) curtailing this behavior could decrease the incidence of EAH.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reported Hydration Beliefs and Behaviors without Effect on Plasma Sodium in Endurance Athletes

Chlíbková

Nikolaidis²,

Rosemann

et al. 2017

Front. Physiol.

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Purpose: Little information is available on the association of hydration beliefs and behaviors in endurance athletes and exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH). The aim of the present study was to determine hydration beliefs and behaviors in endurance athletes.Method: A 100 and 38 recreational athletes [107 mountain bikers (MTBers) and 31 runners] competing in seven different endurance and ultra-endurance races completed pre- and post-race questionnaires, and a subgroup of 113 (82%) participants (82 MTBers and 31 runners) also provided their blood samples.Result: More than half of the participants had some pre-race (59%), mid-race (58%), and post-race (55%) drinking plan. However, the participants simultaneously reported that temperature (66%), thirst (52%), and plan (37%) affected their drinking behavior during the race. More experienced (years of active sport: p = 0.002; number of completed races: p < 0.026) and trained (p = 0.024) athletes with better race performance (p = 0.026) showed a more profound knowledge of EAH, nevertheless, this did not influence their planned hydration, reported fluid intake, or post-race plasma sodium. Thirteen (12%) hyponatremic participants did not differ in their hydration beliefs, race behaviors, or reported fluid intake from those without post-race EAH. Compared to MTBers, runners more often reported knowledge of the volumes of drinks offered at fluid stations (p < 0.001) and information on how much to drink pre-race (p < 0.001), yet this was not associated with having a drinking plan (p > 0.05). MTBers with hydration information planned more than other MTBers (p = 0.004). In comparison with runners, more MTBers reported riding with their own fluids (p < 0.001) and planning to drink at fluid stations (p = 0.003). On the whole, hydration information was positively associated with hydration planning (n = 138) (p = 0.003); nevertheless, the actual reported fluid intake did not differ between the group with and without hydration information, or with and without a pre-race drinking plan (p > 0.05).Conclusion: In summary, hydration beliefs and behaviors in the endurance athletes do not appear to affect the development of asymptomatic EAH.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%