Hydration as a possible colonization cue: Rain may promote seed release from black cottonwood trees

Herbison, Brenda; Polzin, Mary Louise; Rood, Stewart B.

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2015.04.027

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Thus, along rivers like the lower St Mary River, the seedlings are dependent upon moisture that is provided by the capillary fringe above the alluvial groundwater table (Rood et al ., ; ), and this is why flow ramping is essential for seedling survival. Conversely, in more humid ecoregions, rain provides an alternate moisture supply, and consequently the summer flow regime is less critical (Polzin and Rood, ; Rood et al ., ; Herbison et al ., ). For all riparian woodlands, the flow regime is essential for the fluvial geomorphic disturbance and sediment movements that produce the barren colonization sites (Scott et al ., ; Polzin and Rood, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For seed availability, cottonwoods display an r-selection reproductive strategy as vast numbers of seeds are produced, but very few ultimately contribute to the woodland population (Dixon, 2003;Polzin and Rood, 2006). The period of seed release is limited to around 3-8 weeks, and viability of the tiny seeds falls quickly after dispersal (Herbison et al, 2015). There is no year-round seed bank, and the interval of seed dispersal and viability must coincide with the availability of suitable colonization sites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Twofold Strategy for Riparian Restoration: Combining a Functional Flow Regime and Direct Seeding to Re‐establish Cottonwoods

Rood

Kaluthota

Gill

et al. 2015

River Research & Apps

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The transboundary St Mary River drains Glacier National Park, USA, and was progressively dammed and diverted over the 20th century to support agricultural irrigation in northern Montana and southern Alberta, Canada. Following reduced instream flows, the riparian cottonwoods collapsed, and by 2000, few parental trees remained to provide seeds for cottonwood replenishment. As a novel twofold restoration strategy we: (1) worked with the dam operators to deliver a functional flow regime, a regulated instream flow pattern intended to recover some ecological function and specifically seedling recruitment, and (2) delivered cottonwood seeds by direct spreading and by sticking cuttings with seed catkins to allow gradual seed dispersal. The combination of river regulation and seeding enabled cottonwood colonization, and around 1.5% of the applied seeds produced seedlings after the first summer, at sites without livestock or heavy recreational use. Around 15% of those seedlings survived through the fourth summer, with mortality due to drought stress and flood scour, and establishment and survival were higher for the prairie cottonwood, Populus deltoides, than the narrowleaf cottonwood, Populus angustifolia. This study confirmed that the lack of seed source trees limited cottonwood colonization and demonstrated that the twofold restoration strategy provides promise for severe situations where parental trees have been lost. However, this would require substantial effort, and it would be more efficient to provide survivable instream flow patterns that avoid cottonwood collapse. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Twofold Strategy for Riparian Restoration: Combining a Functional Flow Regime and Direct Seeding to Re‐establish Cottonwoods

Rood

Kaluthota

Gill

et al. 2015

River Research & Apps

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“…Finally, relationships between seed rain intensity (averaged across traps) and environmental variables were assessed using an Akaike information selection criterion‐based selection of explanatory variables. For this, a backward selection was performed on a full mixed model including a simple effect of the five meteorological variables investigated, a simple effect of river discharge, and interactive effects between temperature and relative humidity and between temperature and precipitation (in accordance with Herbison et al, suggesting postrain warming increases cottonwood seed release), and year as a random effect. The model iterations are shown in Appendix S2.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such dispersal strategy may increase chances for seeds to land on moist surfaces, and therefore establish. Herbison et al () further suggested seed pulses could be synchronized with changes in river flow in drier ecoregions. Where rainfall is lower and less predictable, the creation of nursery sites could depend more on river flooding than rain, and seed release might have adapted accordingly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors hypothesized that environmental factors operating at spatial scales larger than the forest patch, and very likely meteorological variables, control seed release. In a simultaneous study to González et al (), Herbison, Polzin, and Rood () reported pulses of seed release of one species of cottonwood/poplar ( Populus trichocarpa ) in British Columbia (Canada) to follow rain events and possibly postrain warming events. Such dispersal strategy may increase chances for seeds to land on moist surfaces, and therefore establish.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pulses of seed release in riparian Salicaceae coincide with high atmospheric temperature

Bourgeois

2019

River Research & Apps

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Riparian shrubs and trees in the Salicaceae family release their seeds when floods that create nursery sites for germination are more frequent, but little is known about the factors controlling temporal variations in seed release within the seed release period.The seed release of three riparian tree species dominating European floodplain forests (Populus alba L., Populus nigra L., and Salix alba L.) was monitored in spring 2007 and 2008 using seed traps placed along the Middle Ebro River, NE Spain. Correlations relating biweekly seed rain intensity (seeds trapped per square meter) to meteorological (atmospheric temperature, cumulative precipitation, relative humidity, solar radiation, mean wind speed) and hydrological (river discharge) variables were investigated. The best combination of environmental variables explaining seed rain intensity was identified using an Akaike information selection criterion-based backward selection, after accounting for temporal autocorrelation both in seed rain intensity and environmental variables. Seed rain correlated positively with temperature for P. alba, P. nigra, and S. alba, though its effect decreased with relative humidity for P. nigra. Our results can help fine-tune the design of environmental flows to promote sexual recruitment of Salicaceae trees: Planning water releases during the hottest days of the seed dispersal period, when seed rain peaks, should maximize seed germination density and thus increase the potential for successful seedling establishment.

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Behavioral cues enable native fishes to exit a California floodplain while leaving non‐native fishes behind

et al. 2022

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Floodplains are highly productive environments that provide critical rearing habitat and increased growth for diverse native fishes, including juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Yet, stranding during the flood recession is a potential negative outcome in restored ecosystems where environmental cues are not always present as they were under historical conditions. Outmigration cues of native and non‐native fishes from a restored floodplain were evaluated along the Cosumnes River, CA, USA. This river is the only remaining major unregulated river in the Sierra Nevada that flows into the Central Valley. It remains unclear how native and non‐native fishes utilize spatiotemporally heterogeneous habitats in the Cosumnes River; however, a better understanding of these dynamics could yield insight into how degraded river ecosystems in the region could be rehabilitated to benefit native fishes. In 2018 and 2019, daily fyke net surveys of fish assemblages were conducted within the floodplain and in outmigration corridors, along with the collection of environmental data to identify possible cues. Bayesian modeling showed that temperature increases, along with the rate of floodplain drawdown and the average flow over a rolling seven‐day period, were important triggers for cuing native fishes to exit the floodplain. We conclude that the numerous benefits to the aquatic food web and growth of native fishes justify the risk of stranding that floodplain restoration poses, particularly when supplemented with outmigration cues.

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Hydration as a possible colonization cue: Rain may promote seed release from black cottonwood trees

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

A Twofold Strategy for Riparian Restoration: Combining a Functional Flow Regime and Direct Seeding to Re‐establish Cottonwoods

A Twofold Strategy for Riparian Restoration: Combining a Functional Flow Regime and Direct Seeding to Re‐establish Cottonwoods

Pulses of seed release in riparian Salicaceae coincide with high atmospheric temperature

Behavioral cues enable native fishes to exit a California floodplain while leaving non‐native fishes behind

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