Hydrate formation in sediments in the sub-seabed disposal of CO2

Koide, Hitoshi; Takahashi, Manabu; Shindo, Yuji; Tazaki, Yoshiyuki; Iijima, Masaki; Ito, Kazuitsu; Kimura, Naokazu; Omata, Kohji

doi:10.1016/s0360-5442(96)00122-3

Cited by 71 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The results from this work also have important implications for carbon dioxide storage in the deep sub-seafloor, where sequestration is possible by hydrate formation [Koide et al, 1995[Koide et al, , 1997b and gravitational trapping [Koide et al, 1997a;House et al, 2006;Levine et al, 2007;Goldberg et al, 2008]. Whether the migration of supercritical CO 2 is dominated by capillary invasion or fracture opening may determine the viability of this sequestration concept in ocean sediments.…”

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confidence: 79%

“…It governs, for instance, the spatiotemporal characteristics of natural gas seeps and vent sites Heeschen et al, 2003;Best et al, 2006], the biochemical processes in the shallow sub-seafloor as well as the ocean floor [Suess et al, 1999], the mechanical and acoustic properties of submarine sediments [Anderson and Hampton, 1980;Anderson et al, 1998;Waite et al, 2008], the creation of pockmarks in the ocean floor Sahling et al, 2008], and the accumulation of gas hydrate (notably methane) in ocean sediments. Understanding gas transport in soft sediments is also key to assessing the viability of carbon dioxide sequestration in the sub-seafloor, either by hydrate formation [Koide et al, 1995[Koide et al, , 1997b or gravitational trapping [Koide et al, 1997a;House et al, 2006;Levine et al, 2007;Goldberg et al, 2008]. Methane hydrates-crystalline ice-like compounds composed of methane molecules caged in a lattice of water molecules [Sloan, 1998]-form naturally at high pressures and low temperatures, like those typical of most of the ocean floor.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Mechanisms Leading to Co-Existence of Gas Hydrate in Ocean Sediments [Part 2 of 2]

Bryant¹,

Juanes²

2011

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The experimental boundary conditions do not replicate the situation in gas reservoirs converted to hydrate in the Arctic. The key differences are that in the experiment water can move 117 to the hydrate stability zone only from below, while in nature water can move from below and from above. In experiment gas can move to the hydrate stability zone from below and from above, while in nature it can move only from below. Finally, the fluid phase pressures decrease with time in the experiment (though the conditions remain within the hydrate stability field throughout), while the water phase pressure does not change with time in nature. These differences are minor and do not alter the essential similarities to the natural situation. In the experiment and in nature, the base of the gas hydrate stability zone descends gradually through an existing gas accumulation, and fluid phases are free to move in response to any gradients that arise as hydrate forms. The latter point is important: no fluid flow (neither pressure-driven nor capillarity-driven) is imposed in the experiment. Instead the system evolves a combination of buoyancy-, pressure-and capillarity-driven fluxes of the gas and water phases, and these fluxes balance the various resistances to transport.The model predicts that the contribution of capillarity-driven flux is significant in these experiments. In fact R v~0 .69 when capillary-dominated flow is taken into account while R v~1 when only the viscous dominated portion of the flow was considered. This is consistent with our findings in previous sections of this report, namely, pressure-driven flow cannot supply water from below the BGHSZ fast enough to sustain hydrate formation. Moreover the model predicts that the amount of gas flows to the GHSZ from above quickly diminishes as both the effective permeability, due to hydrate formation within the GHSZ, and gaseous phase relative permeability, due to decrease in gas saturation within the GHSZ, decrease. Therefore, the main contribution for gas flow would be flow from the middle gas inlet. While the gas flux from above and from below could not be independently measured in this experiment, the consistency of the model with other observations suggests that all the fluids needed during conversion to hydrate can be supplied from below. But this is possible only if capillarity-driven flux is accounted for.The consistency of the capillarity-driven flux model with the experimental observations suggests that the finding in the previous section, viz. that the observed hydrate saturation profile in Mt. Elbert arises naturally from the capillarity-driven fluxes, is not a coincidence. That is, these findings suggest that the gas reservoir conversion process is slow, that it introduces modest, even negligible pressure gradients but impose significant gradients in saturation which, along with gas buoyancy, feed the appropriate volumes of fluids to the GHSZ.A complete validation of the model would compare the predicted hydrate saturation profile to the observed profile in F...

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confidence: 79%

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Mechanisms Leading to Co-Existence of Gas Hydrate in Ocean Sediments [Part 2 of 2]

Bryant¹,

Juanes²

2011

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“…IEA GHG 2000a; Koide et al 1997;Sasaki & Akibavashi 2000;Someya et al 2006). This approach involves injecting (usually liquid) CO 2 into deepwater sediments or sub-permafrost sediments just below the CO 2 hydrate stability zone.…”

Section: Direct Trapping Of Co 2 As a Hydrate Phase Within Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can CO ₂ hydrate assist in the underground storage of carbon dioxide?

Rochelle

Camps

Long

et al. 2009

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The sequestration of CO 2 in the deep geosphere is one potential method for reducing anthropogenic emissions to the atmosphere without necessarily incurring a significant change in our energy-producing technologies. Containment of CO 2 as a liquid and an associated hydrate phase, under cool conditions, offer an alternative underground storage approach compared to conventional supercritical CO 2 storage at higher temperatures. We briefly describe conventional approaches to underground storage, review possible approaches for using CO 2 hydrate in CO 2 storage generally, and comment on the important role CO 2 hydrate could play in underground storage. Cool underground storage appears to offer certain advantages in terms of physical, chemical and mineralogical processes, which may usefully enhance trapping of the stored CO 2 . This approach also appears to be potentially applicable to large areas of sub-seabed sediments offshore Western Europe. words, 73 references, 6 figuresKeywords: Carbon dioxide. CO 2 , underground storage, sequestration, hydrate Running title: CO 2 HYDRATE AND UNDERGROUND STORAGE CO 2 HYDRATE AND UNDERGROUND STORAGE It is now widely accepted the rising levels of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in the Earth's atmosphere are causing global climate change, and this is a subject of international concern (e.g. IPCC 1990IPCC , 2007. Furthermore, if something is not done to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, predictions suggest an unprecedented rate of future temperature increase, with unknown, but possibly rapid, consequences for the global climate. Measurements show that global temperatures rose by 0.3-0.6°C in the 20th century. If the trends in current emissions continue there are suggestions (Karl et al. 2000;RCEP 2000) that the global mean temperature is likely to be about 3°C higher than at present by the end of the 21 st century. The main difficulty in attempting to combat climate change is the world population's high dependence on fossil fuels as an energy source. Alternatives such as solar energy and other renewables are making a useful contribution, and some countries presently rely heavily on nuclear power, nonetheless, the culture and lifestyle of many countries appear to be strongly linked to fossil fuel usage for many years to come.Assuming that we continue to burn fossil fuels, yet wish to mitigate CO 2 emissions to the atmosphere, we are faced with a limited number of alternatives:1. To reduce our CO 2 emissions by using lower carbon fuels (e.g. gas instead of coal); 2. To utilise the produced CO 2 ; 3. To dispose of the CO 2 in another domain of the planet, such as the geosphere, the terrestrial biosphere or the oceans. In order to stabilise atmospheric CO 2 concentrations at current values, it may be necessary to reduce CO 2 emissions by 60% or more over the next 50 years (RCEP 2000). Although many countries are making strenuous efforts to reduce their CO 2 emissions, this is proving extremely difficult because all countries, and not just the developing ones, c...

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“…Some previous studies have considered that the relative stability of methane and CO 2 hydrates might facilitate the trapping of CO 2 as a hydrate whilst at the same time liberating methane (IEA GHG 2000;Goel 2006), whereas other studies have concentrated on just CO 2 injection followed by CO 2 hydrate formation (e.g. Kiode et al 1997;House et al 2006). Both approaches raise questions about our understanding of the processes involved and their inherent uncertainties.…”

Section: Carbon Dioxide Hydratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sediment-hosted gas hydrates: new insights on natural and synthetic systems

Long

Lovell

Rees

et al. 2009

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In the public's imagination, hydrates are seen as either a potential new source of energy to be exploited as the world uses up its reserves of oil and gas or as a major environmental hazard. Scientists, however, have expressed great uncertainty as to the global volume of hydrates and have reached little agreement on how they might be exploited. Both of these uncertainties can be reduced by a better understanding of how hydrates are held within sediments. There are conflicting ideas as to whether hydrates are disseminated within selected lithologies or trapped within fractures comparable to mineral lodes. To resolve this, hydrates have to be examined at all scales ranging from using seismics to microscopic studies. Their position within sediments also influences the stability of methane hydrate in responding to pressure and temperature and how the released gas might transfer to the ocean, atmosphere, or to a transport mechanism for recovery. These results also run parallel with the studies of carbon dioxide hydrate, which is being considered as a potential sequestion medium.

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Hydrate formation in sediments in the sub-seabed disposal of CO2

Cited by 71 publications

References 7 publications

Mechanisms Leading to Co-Existence of Gas Hydrate in Ocean Sediments [Part 2 of 2]

Mechanisms Leading to Co-Existence of Gas Hydrate in Ocean Sediments [Part 2 of 2]

Can CO ₂ hydrate assist in the underground storage of carbon dioxide?

Sediment-hosted gas hydrates: new insights on natural and synthetic systems

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Hydrate formation in sediments in the sub-seabed disposal of CO2

Cited by 71 publications

References 7 publications

Mechanisms Leading to Co-Existence of Gas Hydrate in Ocean Sediments [Part 2 of 2]

Mechanisms Leading to Co-Existence of Gas Hydrate in Ocean Sediments [Part 2 of 2]

Can CO 2 hydrate assist in the underground storage of carbon dioxide?

Sediment-hosted gas hydrates: new insights on natural and synthetic systems

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Can CO ₂ hydrate assist in the underground storage of carbon dioxide?