Hydrate blockage in subsea oil/gas flowlines: Prediction, prevention, and remediation

Wang, Ji‐Guang; Meng, Yang; Han, Bingyue; Liu, Zaixing; Zhang, Lunxiang; Yao, Haiyuan; Zhuang, Wei; Chu, Jiawei; Yang, Lei; Zhao, Jiafei; Song, Yongchen

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2023.142020

Cited by 41 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…There are no chloride ions in the WPUUstructure that would lead to corrosion issues. While the biodegradation properties of hydrate inhibitors are becoming increasingly important as environmental regulations become more stringent, there is an urgent need for intensive research into green hydrate inhibitors including amino acids, ionic liquids, antifreeze proteins, and biodegradable polymers. − Using the cell surface display (CSD) strategy, the expression of antifreeze proteins (AFPs) on Escherichia coli was investigated, and the feasibility of this potential application method of kinetic hydrate inhibitors is verified (Figure c) . The AFPs showed a higher KHI effectiveness with the increase of attached peptides.…”

Section: Hydrate Blockage Prevention and Control Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow Assurance of Hydrate Risk in Natural Gas/Oil Transportation: State-of-the-Art and Future Challenges

et al. 2023

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Deepwater oil and gas development is extremely difficult and challenging. One of the most critical challenges stems from hydrate deposition, aggregation, and the eventual blocking of the deepwater oil and gas transportation system. The low-temperature and high-pressure environment in the deepwater oil and gas field causes the combination of gas molecules and water molecules to form hydrate, thus affects the hydrocarbon transportation. In this Perspective, to discuss the commonly faced safety issues for deepwater oil, gas, and gas hydrate development, the following three critical problems are comprehensively summarized and analyzed. First, the mechanisms of phase transition, aggregation, and blockage of the hydrate in the multiphase transport system have been investigated from the microscopic perspective to macroscopic characteristics. Second, based on different theoretical models, the algorithms are discussed to introduce an online monitoring technique for hydrate blockage, which can detect the safety risks and provide early warnings. Furthermore, for hydrate blockage prevention and control, the active methods based on chemical injection and the passive methods based on the modification of physicochemical properties of pipeline surfaces are reviewed. Finally, an outlook is provided for the future development of deepwater oil and gas and for the schemes to mitigate hydrate blockage.

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Section: Hydrate Blockage Prevention and Control Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow Assurance of Hydrate Risk in Natural Gas/Oil Transportation: State-of-the-Art and Future Challenges

et al. 2023

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“…6,7 However, as an unconventional natural gas resource, it is very difficult to extract and transport. 8 Traditional methods for natural gas hydrate exploitation are still suffering from the imperfections of kinetic theory associated with the hydrate phase change, 9 the lack of physical model concerned gas/water transport, 10 and the faultiness of effective method involved reservoir stability. 11 In addition, the slow kinetics of gas hydrate formation also constrains the application of gas hydrate-based technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the face of increasing energy supply shortages and rising import prices, it is significantly important to address the triple challenges of energy involving better security, affordable price, and lower carbon . Natural gas hydrates, in the last few decades, were proposed and investigated in fields of abundant energy-related resources, , prospective environmental technologies, , and significant flow assurances. , However, as an unconventional natural gas resource, it is very difficult to extract and transport . Traditional methods for natural gas hydrate exploitation are still suffering from the imperfections of kinetic theory associated with the hydrate phase change, the lack of physical model concerned gas/water transport, and the faultiness of effective method involved reservoir stability .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pore-Scale Characterization and Mass-Transfer Mechanism of Crystal Hydrate Gowth by Using 2.5D Microchip Observation

Jian,

Li,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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Underlying the micromechanism of hydrate phase change is significant for marine natural gas hydrate resources exploitation; however, current nondestructive microtesting techniques still suffer from issues of multiphase distinguish or continuous monitoring. Therefore, in this study, a direct real-time visualization method within a 2.5D microchip was first proposed and applied in gas hydrate research. Two different growth modes of methane (CH4) and methane-tetrahydrofuran (CH4-THF) hydrate after nucleation are found, and their respective control mechanisms are elucidated: the dominant factor for the different growth modes of (CH4) hydrate is the gas–water saturation in the pore. Meanwhile, the process of gas–water flow in the pore controls the growth of the (CH4-THF) hydrate. In addition, the intense propagation of (CH4-THF) hydrate film growth was found, and it was demonstrated that the propagation rate was negatively affected by liquid saturation. We provide theoretical basis and solution ideas for the scientific problems in the process of safe and efficient extraction of natural gas hydrate.

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“…Subsea oil and gas are primarily transported via subsea pipelines, which are playing an increasingly vital role [3][4][5][6]. In the development of deep-sea natural gas resources, the low-temperature and high-pressure conditions encountered in deepwater environments can easily cause the formation and deposition of natural gas hydrates (NGHs), which can lead to pipeline flow problems and equipment damage [7,8]. Currently, the main methods for reducing NGH plugging are the injection of hydrate inhibitors [9] and the setting of insulation layers [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a high-thermal-storage composite material embedded with PCM microcapsules and analysis of its unsteady heat transfer process

Wang

Dang

Zheng

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Phase-change insulation materials can effectively extend the holding time of submarine oil and gas pipelines. Shape-stable phase-change composites have good application prospects owing to their chemical stability and leakage resistance. In this study, a microencapsulated phase-change material (MPCM)-embedded polyurethane (PU) composite (PU–MPCM) was prepared as an insulation material for subsea pipelines. The unsteady heat transfer process of the PU–MPCM composite was simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics, and an insulation experiment was conducted on this composite. PU–MPCM exhibited a high thermal storage performance and favorable shape stability. The relative effective enthalpy coefficients of PU–MPCM composites with different MPCM contents were greater than 80%. The maximum MPCM content in the PU–MPCM composite was 24 wt% (PU–MPCM24). The melting enthalpy of PU–MPCM24 reached 35.95 J/g, and its effective thermal conductivity was as low as 0.16 W/(m∙K). The holding time of PU–MPCM24 could be increased by 229.79% compared with that of pure PU. The PU–MPCM composite exhibited good mechanical properties and low water absorption, making it suitable for underwater environments. Owing to its low-cost preparation process and excellent thermal properties, PU–MPCM24 can be considered a potential insulation material for practical applications in subsea pipelines.

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Hydrate blockage in subsea oil/gas flowlines: Prediction, prevention, and remediation

Cited by 41 publications

References 123 publications

Flow Assurance of Hydrate Risk in Natural Gas/Oil Transportation: State-of-the-Art and Future Challenges

Flow Assurance of Hydrate Risk in Natural Gas/Oil Transportation: State-of-the-Art and Future Challenges

Pore-Scale Characterization and Mass-Transfer Mechanism of Crystal Hydrate Gowth by Using 2.5D Microchip Observation

Development of a high-thermal-storage composite material embedded with PCM microcapsules and analysis of its unsteady heat transfer process

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