Hydra , a Model System for Deciphering the Mechanisms of Aging and Resistance to Aging

Tomczyk, Szymon; Wenger, Yvan; Ekundayo, Kazadi; Girard, Victor; Buzgariu, Wanda Christa; Austad, Stephen; Galliot, Brigitte

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811353-0.00038-5

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Also Hv animals can become "epithelial", surviving for years (if manually fed) the elimination of their i-cells and nervous system (Marcum and Campbell 1978;Sugiyama and Fujisawa 1978), as their ESCs adapt their genetic program (Wenger et al 2016). Therefore a robust epithelial adaptability to environmental conditions evidenced by changes in cell cycle, autophagy flux, gene expression, provides a necessary and sufficient framework for low senescence in H. vulgaris strains (Schenkelaars et al 2018).…”

Section: Epithelial Adaptability As a Common Basis For Low Senescencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also except for the Drosophila gut, somatic tissues in adult flies and nematodes do not self-renew, while self-renewal is an essential component of homeostasis in humans. Finally, a significant proportion of human orthologous genes were lost in fly and nematodes as evidenced by their presence in cnidarians, a bilaterian sister group (Figure 1A) (Wenger and Galliot 2013;Schenkelaars et al 2017). Therefore, additional invertebrate models could be profitably developed to help discover novel genes, pathways and mechanisms relevant for human aging.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Deficient autophagy drives aging inHydra

Tomczyk

Suknovic

Wenger

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Hydra exhibits a negligible senescence as its epithelial and interstitial stem cell populations continuously divide. Here we identified two H. oligactis strains that respond differently to interstitial stem cell loss. Cold-resistant (Ho_CR) animals adapt and remain healthy while coldsensitive (Ho_CS) ones die within three months, after their epithelial stem cells lose their selfrenewal potential. In Ho_CS but not in Ho_CR animals, the autophagy flux is deficient, characterized by a low induction upon starvation, proteasome inhibition or Rapamycin treatment, and a constitutively repressed Ulk activity. In the non-aging Hydra vulgaris, WIPI2 silencing suffices to induce aging. Rapamycin can delay aging by sustaining epithelial self-renewal and regeneration, although without enhancing the autophagy flux. Instead Rapamycin promotes engulfment in epithelial cells where p62/SQSTM1-positive phagocytic vacuoles accumulate. This study uncovers the importance of autophagy in the longevity of early-branched eumetazoans by maintaining stem cell renewal, and a novel anti-aging effect of Rapamycin via phagocytosis.

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Section: Epithelial Adaptability As a Common Basis For Low Senescencementioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Deficient autophagy drives aging inHydra

Tomczyk

Suknovic

Wenger

et al. 2017

Preprint

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“…In Hydra all components of the pathway were identified (see references in Martins et al, 2016;Schenkelaars et al 2018), three insulin-like peptides (ILPs), the HTK7 receptor similar to the vertebrate insulin/IGF receptors, the PKB/AKT, PDK2 and Pi3K kinases, the antagonizer PTEN and the transcription factor FoxO, which is expressed in all stem cell populations (Boehm et al 2012). Quantitative RNA-seq data designed to provide spatial, cell-type and ISC-loss response expression patterns proved to be informative (Wenger et al, 2016;Wenger et al, 2019).…”

Section: Cell Cycle Proteostasis and Autophagymentioning

confidence: 99%

Freshwater Cnidarian Hydra: A Long-lived Model for Aging Studies

Akrour¹,

Galliot²

2019

Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences

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The recent increase in human life expectancy is accompanied with a more frequent occurrence of agerelated diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. An unprecedented effort has been dedicated to develop animal model systems to decipher the aging mechanisms, and the genetic study of short-lived animals, namely Drosophila and Caenorhabditis, brought important breakthroughs. Here we highlight the interest of additional model systems like the cnidarian Hydra polyp. Hydra provides a model where all tissues continuously renew from large stocks of proliferative adult stem cells, where amputation leads to regeneration with perfect replacement of any lost body structure and where signs of aging remain limited over the years. Aging is easily inducible in some Hydra species, providing a paradigm for deciphering the mechanisms that promote resistance to aging. A dynamic autophagic flux, a sustained proteostasis, the G2 pausing of stem cells and an efficient DNA-damage repair might play an essential role.

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“…Multiphoton imaging of intact gastrozooids, gonozooids, stolons, and mat edges revealed no evidence of variegated expression in either the epidermal or gastrodermal cell layers (Figs. 6A-G, J, K and Additional files [10][11][12][13][14][15]. The intensity of eGFP signal did not allow us to determine whether expression was uniform across all cell types.…”

Section: Germline Transmitted Eef1a Flag-p2a-egfp Is Expressed Withoumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They have long served as experimental models in the fields of developmental biology, symbiosis, and self/non-self recognition (reviewed in [1][2][3][4] ). More recently, cnidarians have generated interest as models for regenerative and stem cell biology [5][6][7] , neurobiology [8,9] , biophysics [10,11] and aging [12,13] . As the closest outgroup to bilaterians [14,15] , cnidarians also provide context for our understanding of how fundamental biological processes have evolved in other animals, including humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%