Hydatidosis and Intervention Strategies

Abstract

Human echinococcosis is a zoonotic infection caused by larval forms metacestodes of tapeworms of the genus Echinococcus. "mong the recognised species, Echinococcus granulosus and E. multilocularis are of considerable medical importance, causing cystic and alveolar echinococcosis "E and CE , respectively. The factors of immunology, host-genetic inherits, and Echinococcus genetic-diversity and adaption clearly influence infectious establishment and disease progression. However, subtle mechanisms between host and parasite interactions/relationships are still open to study for answers. Despite the global burden, echinococcosis remains a neglected zoonosis. The importance of environmental factors influencing the transmission intensity and distribution of Echinococcus species is increasingly being recognised. The intervention strategies for this public health threat have integrated host immunegenetic research, parasite adaptation, and genetic diversity analysis, as well as the transmission dynamic investigations the limitations of current control programmes are clearly presented in this study that hampers the elimination of Echinococcus species worldwide. Continuous efforts by multidiscipline researches are needed.

Scoping review protocol on control strategies for Echinococcus granulosus

“…CE is most prevalent in the Mediterranean area, Eurasia, South America, and North and East Africa (1,2). CE affects livestock, producing financial losses and impacting rural livelihoods, as well as humans with 2-4% of mortality reported and more than 20,000 new cases reported in countries of South America in a 5-year period (3,4). The approximate economic losses related to CE human infection total 760 million US$ and annual livestock production losses amount to at least US$ 3 billion (5,6).…”