Hybrids

Abstract

This article provides an introduction to the hybrid riser system, which combines both rigid and flexible riser technologies. Hybrid riser systems are developed as an alternative to address potential issues related to the use of flexible risers and steel catenary risers in deep water (around 1000 m and deeper), namely the high pressure and high temperature that the risers are subjected to, the high hang‐off load at the vessel, and the riser response to the extreme and fatigue environmental conditions. Particular focus is put on the freestanding vertical rigid pipe (single‐line hybrid riser), or bundle of pipes (bundled hybrid riser or hybrid riser tower), tensioned by an external buoyancy can connected at the top, and a flexible jumper that connects the rigid riser section to the host vessel. The components that make up a typical hybrid riser are discussed, followed by high level analysis and design guidelines.