Hybrids between Brassica alboglabra and Moricandia arvensis and their Photosynthetic Properties

Inheritance of C3―C4Intermediate Photosynthesis in Reciprocal Hybrids BetweenMoricandia Arvensis(C3―C4) andBrassica Oleracea(C3) That Differ in Their Genome Constitution

“…In this family, interspecific and intergeneric crosses are relatively easier to achieve than in other families (e.g., Bang et al, 1996Bang et al, , 2003reviewed in Matsuzawa et al, 1996). As a result, studies of artificial hybridization between C 3 and C 3 -C 4 intermediate species in this family have been attempted to genetically improve carbon and water economies by the introduction of C 3 -C 4 intermediate characteristics into C 3 plants (Apel et al, 1984;O' Neill et al, 1996;Razmjoo et al, 1996;Rawsthorne et al, 1998;Yan et al, 1999;Zhang et al, 2004). In an early study, Apel et al (1984) reported that hybrids showed Γ values intermediate between those of the parent C 3 plants and C 3 -C 4 intermediate species.…”

Chloroplast DNA and CO2 compensation point of somatic hybrid plants between Brassica oleracea and Moricandia arvensis.

“…The hybrids could not express any C3-C4 intermediate character, irrespective of cpDNA types. Apel et al (1984), in a paper concerning the photosynthetic properties of a sexual hybrid between Brassica alboglabla (s-) and M. arvensis, reported that T of the sexual hybrid was intermediated between its parents, and that of backcrossed hybrids was closer to that of the parental species.…”

Production of Raphanus sativus (C3)-Moricandia arvensis (C3-C4 intermediate) Monosomic and Disomic Addition Lines with Each Parentl Cytoplasmic Background and their Photorespiratory Characteristics

“…The intergeneric hybrids between C 3 -C 4 intermediate species and C 3 species with various genome constitutions and the MALs could provide valuable information to help our understanding of the genetic system of the C 3 -C 4 intermediate characteristics. In previous investigations, the inner leaf structure, the intercellular pattern of GDC expression and the gas exchange characteristics of C 3 -C 4 intermediate photosynthesis were inherited in the hybrids according to the constitution ratio of the C 3 -C 4 intermediate genome to the C 3 genome (Apel et al, 1984;Razmjoo et al, 1996;Ueno et al, 2003). The amphidiploid (DtDtRR) had characteristics intermediate between the C 3 -C 4 intermediate (D. tenuifolia, DtDt) and C 3 (R. sativus, RR) parents, the sesquidiploid (DtDtR) had the characteristics close to the C 3 -C 4 intermediate parent and other sesquidiploid (DtRR) had strongly C 3 parent characteristics (Ueno et al, 2003).…”

“…Among the species of Brassicaceae in which C 4 species have not yet been found, other C 3 -C 4 intermediate species have also been found within the genera Moricandia, Diplotaxis and Brassica (Apel et al, 1997). M. ar vensis, which was the first-reported C 3 -C 4 intermediate species in the Brassicaceae (Apel et al, 1978;Holaday et al, 1981), has attracted the attention of breeders because its traits can be introgressed into cultivated crops to improve their photosynthetic efficiency (Apel et al, 1984;Toriyama et al, 1987;Takahata, 1990;Takahata and Takeda, 1990;Kirti et al, 1992;Takahata et al, 1993;Razmjoo et al, 1996;Bang et al, 1996Bang et al, , 2002Bang et al, , 2007Ishikawa et al, 2003).…”

“…The four subunits of GDC, including the P-protein, are encoded in the nuclear genome (Douce and Heldt, 2000), and the development of chloroplast and mitochondria is also controlled by the nuclear genome (Leon et al, 1998). With respect to the expression of C 3 -C 4 intermediate characteristics, Apel et al (1984) fi rst reported that the intergeneric F 1 and BC 1 hybrids between M. arvensis and Brassica alboglabra (C 3 ) showed intermediate gas exchange traits. In recent studies with the intergeneric hybrids between Diplotaxis tenuifolia (C 3 -C 4 ) and Raphanus sativus (C 3 ) and the reciprocal intergeneric hybrids between M. arvensis (C 3 -C 4 ) and B. oleracea (C 3 ), Ueno et al (2003Ueno et al ( , 2007 demonstrated that the C 3 -C 4 intermediate characteristics such as the BSC-dominant expression of the GDC P-protein, the inclusion of numerous chloroplasts and mitochondria in the BSCs, and reduced CO 2 compensation point were controlled by the nuclear genome according to the ratio of genome constitution in their hybrids, but the cytoplasmic effect was not confirmed.…”