Hybrids as NO Donors

Abstract

Cinnamic acid and its derivatives have been studied for a variety of biological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antihypertensive, and antibacterial. Many hybrids of cinnamic derivatives with other bioactive molecules have been synthesized and evaluated as nitric oxide (NO) donors. Since NO plays a significant role in various biological processes, including vasodilation, inflammation, and neurotransmission, NO donor groups are incorporated into the structures of already-known bioactive molecules to enhance their biological properties. In this review, we present cinnamic hybrids with NO-donating ability useful in the treatment of several diseases.

Nitric Oxide Signaling and Regulation in the Cardiovascular System: Recent Advances

“…Hybrid NO Donors: These relatively new type of drugs release NO in a controlled manner by combining organic nitrates/nitrites with other NO-donating elements (Dillon et al, 2020;Serafim et al, 2017;Tsopka and Hadjipavlou-Litina, 2021). They seek to leverage the benefits of NO, such as vasodilation and antiplatelet activity, while minimizing side effects normally associated with organic nitrates and traditional NO donors.…”

Multifunctional Molecular Hybrids Photoreleasing Nitric Oxide: Advantages, Pitfalls, and Opportunities

“…Molecular hybrids are based on the core idea of the covalent combination of either two molecules or parts of them in a new, single chemical entity through a suitable linker. − Molecular hybridization has proven to be a well-exploited strategy in medicinal chemistry for obtaining novel cases of synthetic molecules that benefit from different functional components to synergize the therapeutic outcome. − Focusing on NO, many classes of hybrid compounds containing NO-releasing groups have been synthesized to treat several diseases. − However, most of these molecular constructs release NO spontaneously under physiological conditions, thus, lacking spatiotemporal control. Only over the past few years several molecular hybrids with light-regulated NO release have been achieved, and no review papers specifically addressing this class of molecular constructs have been published to date.…”

The current scenario of furoxan hybrids with anticancer potential

“…Hybridization concept is highly compelling for the exploitation of novel anticancer agents since hybrid molecules could simultaneously modulate multiple targets involved in cancer cell proliferation, thus enhancing the anticancer activity, circumventing the drug resistance, improving pharmacological profiles, and overcoming the severe side effects associated with a single drug molecule [15]. Accordingly, combination of furoxan with other anticancer pharmacophores seems an effective strategy to develop novel candidates against the drug‐sensitive and drug‐resistant cancers [16].…”