“…The use of classical methods involves remeshing at each time step, which requires difficult-to-implement and expensive refinement-and-derefinement algorithms [47,13,35,38,4]. Expensive meshing/remeshing can be avoided by resorting to unfitted methods, such as GFEM/XFEM [32,6] (and, more generally, partition of unit methods, ( [43]), Immersed Finite Element [49,41], CutFEM ( [12]), or hierarchical methods such as the finite cell method with local enrichment [31] or hp-d methods [21,45,52,55,61]. Alternatively, one can resort to methods that facilitate the remeshing procedure by allowing polygonal elements, with possibly curved edges/faces, such as the virtual element method [20,5,10,14,1].…”