Hybridization utility and size optimization of a stand‐alone renewable energy micro‐grid

Abstract

Optimization of the stand‐alone micro‐grid is needed to minimize energy generation cost and environmental impacts. Protect the environment and saving cost can be obtained by choosing renewable energy sources as the power generation, such as photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine. In this paper, authors investigate the hybridization utility and size optimization of a stand‐alone micro‐grid using the genetic algorithm. The considered micro‐grid consists on PV generator, wind turbines and storage batteries. This study is based on a bi‐objective optimization process. The life cycle cost (LCC) and the loss of power supply probability are respectively the economic criterion and the system reliability criterion under constraints. The energy modeling of the system's components enables energy flows simulation and further objective functions evaluation. The meteorological data of the location situated in Tunisia are considered. In order to study the resources randomness impact on systems optimal design, the data relating to December and August are used as references respectively to winter and summer. According to hybridization study, the hybrid PV/wind/battery system is the most appropriate system configuration for the studied location for both seasons compared to PV/battery or wind/battery. Results showed the significant influence of the battery bank design on the systems reliability and LCC.

Investigation of the feasibility of microgrid under three operational configurations using whale optimization algorithm

“…The usage of BES in stand-alone MG is to store (charging operation mode) amount of the excess energy to compensate (discharging operation mode) the deficit energy when the generated energy by PV and WTs is inadequate to supply load. Mathematically, the energy capacity of BES can be determined by the following: where AD is the autonomy days of BES (the days that the BES can supply the load individually), E L is the load average, DOD is the depth of discharge (the maximum percentage of the BES capacity that can be discharged) as shown in Figure 2, η inv is the invertor efficiency and η b is the BES efficiency (Saeed et al , 2021; Fezai, 2021).…”

Photovoltaic distributed generation integrated electrical distribution system for development of sustainable energy using reliability assessment indices and levelized cost of electricity

“…To reduce energy generation costs and environmental impacts, the stand‐alone microgrid must be optimized. Choosing renewable energy generation resources like photovoltaic can help to protect the environment while also reduce energy costs 18 . With deepening of electrical energy crisis in all over the world, the integration of different renewable energy generation resources with EDS is the optimal solution, which can be used as an alternative to the national power grid system 19 …”

“…Choosing renewable energy generation resources like photovoltaic can help to protect the environment while also reduce energy costs. 18 With deepening of electrical energy crisis in all over the world, the integration of different renewable energy generation resources with EDS is the optimal solution, which can be used as an alternative to the national power grid system. 19 Sustainable energy systems required distributed renewable energy resources.…”

A novel solar-powered milk cooling refrigeration unit with cold thermal energy storage for rural application

“…Previous studies have also recommended the use of DC compressors for solar PV refrigeration systems (Torres-Toledo et al 2016;Sidney and Mohan 2016;Daffallaha 2018;Li et al 2021) A major drawback of solar PV systems is the frequent failure of batteries used to store energy. The experimental results of Fezai et al (2021) elucidated that the battery bank of these systems plays a major role in their reliability and life cycle cost. Batteries can be replaced with thermal energy storage (Driemeier and Zilles 2010) and it can also provide a proper balance between energy required and energy availability (Sharma et al 2020).…”