“…These approaches are very important but these approaches are very sensitive to early estimations and they are trapped in local minima [9]. Several optimization techniques, such as the gravitational search algorithm (GSA) [10], Cultural Algorithm (CA) [11], Optimization Without Penalty-based Optimization by Morphological Filter algorithm (OWP-based OMF) [12], the hybridization of the firefly algorithm and bat algorithm [13], cuckoo search algorithm [14], sequential hybridization of ETLBO and IPSO [15], genetic algorithms (GAs) [16], the backtracking search algorithm (BSA) [17], harmony search (HS) [18], simulated annealing (SA) [19], differential evolution (DE) [20], the modified marine predators algorithm (MMPA) [21], non-dominated sorting particle swarm optimization (NSPSO) [22], the modified multi-objective cross entropy technique (MMOCE) [23], particle swarm optimization (PSO) [24], teaching-learning-based algorithm (TLBA) [25], biogeography-based optimizer (BBO) [26], and ant colony optimization (ACO) [27][28], are examples of optimization methods which are applied to solve the EED problem. All the mentioned optimization approaches try to achieve better solutions utilizing various heuristic methods.…”