Hybridization of Safety and Security for the Design and Validation of Autonomous Vehicles: Where Are We?

Abstract

More and more ground transports are being used (vehicles, trucks, buses, taxis. . . ) and they remain one of the most dangerous means of transport in the world. However, vehicles are increasingly connected and autonomous with the aim of making travel safer, cleaner and more efficient. They are now able to share and communicate information between themselves and their environment in real time, helping to reduce accidents, traffic congestion and greenhouse gas emissions. These vehicles are Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), i.e. systems made up of mechanisms that capable of controlling physical entities. In order to guarantee the robustness of such systems, they must meet two main criteria: safety and security. However, safety and security are currently dealt with independently. The reasons for this are both historical and normative. One idea is therefore to combine these two criteria in order to obtain the most robust vehicle possible. In this article, we propose to highlight recent advances in the combined study of safety and security, focused on the autonomous vehicle. To do this, we have carried out a preliminary analysis of the existing situation and a cartographic study listing the articles dealing with this combination. Various qualitative and quantitative analyses of the existing situation are present in the literature, generally focused on CPS. Then, based on this study, we grouped the articles according to two categories: those highlighting the interests and possibilities of such a combination and those presenting hybrid methods in detail.