Hybridization Effects on Bending and Interlaminar Shear Strength of Composite Laminates

Monjon, A.; Santos, P.; Valvez, Sara; Reis, P.N.B.

doi:10.3390/ma15041302

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Hence, the hybridization of flax with carbon has improved ILSS as compared to neat flax fabric reinforced composite. Moreover, similar findings report by Monjon et al [ 75 ] that the carbon/epoxy composite possesses more ILSS value than the kevlar/epoxy composites.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Mechanical and thermal properties of flax/carbon/kevlar based epoxy hybrid composites

Vinod

Puttegowda

et al. 2022

Polymer Composites

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In recent years, awareness on environmental issues has led to development of biobased materials for a variety of engineering structural applications. Nowadays, researchers and scientists are focusing their efforts on the development of sustainable materials that make use of readily available, renewable, and biodegradable natural resources. While significant progress has been made in the study of hybrid fiber reinforced composites, the fundamental problem of incorporating and selecting the optimal combination of reinforced fibers for various applications has not been adequately addressed. Hence present study addresses the use of combination of two natural fibers with different synthetic fibers to assess the performance of the hybrid fibers composites to develop for engineering applications. In present work the effect of stacking sequence on the mechanical and thermal property of the flax, kevlar, carbon and carbon‐kevlar hybrid fiber reinforced epoxy composites are studied. The four layered composite laminates with different stacking sequence were fabricated using hand layup technique to study the mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural, interlaminar shear, and impact tests, thermal behavior, water absorption, contact angle measurement and scanning electron microscopy. The hybrid carbon/flax composite (CFFC) had better strength as compared to KFFC, HFFC, and FFFF composite laminates with better tensile strength (178.48 MPa), tensile modulus (2132 MPa), flexural strength (378.86 MPa), flexural modulus (15.76 GPa) and interlaminar shear strength (13.91 MPa) and impact strength (13.86 MPa) and water absorption behavior. The stacking sequence revealed that the hybridization of the flax with the synthetic fiber enhanced the properties as compared to the pure flax composites. The influence of the synthetic fibers at outer skin layer had the effect on enhancing the properties of composites. From the obtained results we can effectively utilize the hybrid flax fibers in some various lightweight engineering applications.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Mechanical and thermal properties of flax/carbon/kevlar based epoxy hybrid composites

Vinod

Puttegowda

et al. 2022

Polymer Composites

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“…Furthermore, these authors also mention that excessive shear stresses acting on the layer interface and fibre-matrix interface, as well as the air gaps between the adjacent printed layers, contribute to this decrease [20]. However, the literature reports good fibre-matrix adhesion for glass and carbon fibres, while Kevlar fibres are recognised for establishing weak fibre-matrix adhesion [21]. In this context, the poor results obtained with Kevlar fibres can be explained by the weak interfaces between the Kevlar fibres and the PETG matrix, while, for the PETG composite reinforced with carbon fibres, it can also be explained by the damage mechanisms observed in Figure 4.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compressive Behaviour of 3D-Printed PETG Composites

2022

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It is known that 3D-printed PETG composites reinforced with carbon or Kevlar fibres are materials that can be suitable for specific applications in the aeronautical and/or automotive sector. However, for this purpose, it is necessary to understand their mechanical behaviour, which is not yet fully understood in terms of compression. Therefore, this study intends to increase the knowledge in this domain, especially in terms of static behaviour, as well as with regard to creep and stress relaxation due to the inherent viscoelasticity of the matrix. In this context, static, stress relaxation and creep tests were carried out, in compressive mode, using neat PETG and PETG composites reinforced with carbon and Kevlar fibres. From the static tests, it was found that the yield compressive strength decreased in both composites compared to the neat polymer. Values around 9.9% and 68.7% lower were found, respectively, when carbon and Kevlar fibres were added to the PETG. Similar behaviour was observed for compressive displacement, where a reduction of 20.4% and 46.3% was found, respectively. On the other hand, the compressive modulus increased by 12.4% when carbon fibres were added to the PETG matrix and decreased by 39.6% for Kevlar fibres. Finally, the stress relaxation behaviour revealed a decrease in compressive stresses over time for neat PETG, while the creep response promoted greater compressive displacement. In both situations, the response was very dependent on the displacement/stress level used at the beginning of the test. However, when the fibres were added to the polymer, higher stress relaxations and compressive displacements were observed.

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“…Apart from this single delamination, unlike the CFRP laminate, there was no sign of any kind of damage throughout the laminate thickness. It is well known that KFRP laminates possess lower interlaminar shear stress (ILSS) compared to CF/epoxy composite laminates [ 28 ]. In contrast to CFRP, no delamination was shown on KFRP, even though matrix cracking throughout the thickness was observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of multiple types of fibers in a single laminate allows the designer to fine-tune the properties of the laminate to the design requirements [ 22 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]. Hybridization is expected to gain some enhancement from some properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Open-Hole Strength and Toughness of Sandwich Carbon-Kevlar Woven Composite Laminates

et al. 2023

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Fiber-reinforced plastic composites are sensitive to holes, as they cut the main load-carrying member in the composite (fibers) and they induce out-of-plane stresses. In this study, we demonstrated notch sensitivity enhancement in a hybrid carbon/epoxy (CFRP) composite with a Kevlar core sandwich compared to monotonic CFRP and Kevlar composites. Open-hole tensile samples were cut using waterjet cutting at different width to diameter ratios and tested under tensile loading. We performed an open-hole tension (OHT) test to characterize the notch sensitivity of the composites via the comparison of the open-hole tensile strength and strain as well as the damage propagation (as monitored via CT scan). The results showed that hybrid laminate has lower notch sensitivity than CFRP and KFRP laminates because the strength reduction rate with hole size was lower. Moreover, this laminate showed no reduction in the failure strain by increasing the hole size up to 12 mm. At w/d = 6, the lowest drop in strength showed by the hybrid laminate was 65.4%, followed by the CFRP and KFRP laminates with 63.5% and 56.1%, respectively. For the specific strength, the hybrid laminate showed a 7% and 9% higher value as compared with CFRP and KFRP laminates, respectively. The enhancement in notch sensitivity was due to its progressive damage mode, which was initiated via delamination at the Kevlar–carbon interface, followed by matrix cracking and fiber breakage in the core layers. Finally, matrix cracking and fiber breakage occurred in the CFRP face sheet layers. The specific strength (normalized strength and strain to density) and strain were larger for the hybrid than the CFRP and KFRP laminates due to the lower density of Kevlar fibers and the progressive damage modes which delayed the final failure of the hybrid composite.

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Hybridization Effects on Bending and Interlaminar Shear Strength of Composite Laminates

Cited by 15 publications

References 38 publications

Mechanical and thermal properties of flax/carbon/kevlar based epoxy hybrid composites

Mechanical and thermal properties of flax/carbon/kevlar based epoxy hybrid composites

Compressive Behaviour of 3D-Printed PETG Composites

Enhanced Open-Hole Strength and Toughness of Sandwich Carbon-Kevlar Woven Composite Laminates

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