Hybridization as a conservation management tool

Chan, Wing Yan; Hoffmann, Ary A.; Oppen, Madeleine J. H. van

doi:10.1111/conl.12652

Cited by 110 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Briefly, three far northern colonies were individually crossed with three central colonies, resulting in 30 distinct familial crosses. We will hereafter refer to crosses as hybrids as defined by the nature of the intraspecific crosses (Chan et al, 2019). All 30 familial crosses were reared at 27.5°C.…”

Section: Coral Spawning Juvenile Settlement and Symbiosis Establishmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the role of historical temperature regime and algal symbionts on the heat tolerance of coral juveniles

et al. 2020

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The rate of coral reef degradation from climate change is accelerating and, as a consequence, a number of interventions to increase coral resilience and accelerate recovery are under consideration. Acropora spathulata coral colonies that survived mass bleaching in 2016 and 2017 were sourced from a bleaching-impacted and warmer northern reef on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). These individuals were reproductively crossed with colonies collected from a recently bleached but historically cooler central GBR reef to produce pure and crossbred offspring groups (warm-warm, warm-cool and coolwarm). We tested whether corals from the warmer reef produced more thermally tolerant hybrid and purebred offspring compared with crosses produced with colonies sourced from the cooler reef and whether different symbiont taxa affect heat tolerance. Juveniles were infected with Symbiodinium tridacnidorum, Cladocopium goreaui and Durusdinium trenchii and survival, bleaching and growth were assessed at 27.5°C and 31°C. The contribution of host genetic background and symbiont identity varied across fitness traits. Offspring with either both or one parent from the northern population exhibited a 13-to 26-fold increase in survival odds relative to all other treatments where survival probability was significantly influenced by familial cross identity at 31°C but not 27.5°C (Kaplan-Meier P=0.001 versus 0.2). If in symbiosis with D. trenchii, a warm sire and cool dam provided the best odds of juvenile survival. Bleaching was predominantly driven by Symbiodiniaceae treatment, where juveniles hosting D. trenchii bleached significantly less than the other treatments at 31°C. The greatest overall fold-benefits in growth and survival at 31°C occurred in having at least one warm dam and in symbiosis with D. trenchii. Juveniles associated with D. trenchii grew the most at 31°C, but at 27.5°C, growth was fastest in juveniles associated with C. goreaui. In conclusion, selective breeding with warmer GBR corals in combination with algal symbiont manipulation can assist in increasing thermal tolerance on cooler but warming reefs. Such interventions have the potential to improve coral fitness in warming oceans. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.

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Section: Coral Spawning Juvenile Settlement and Symbiosis Establishmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the role of historical temperature regime and algal symbionts on the heat tolerance of coral juveniles

et al. 2020

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“…The genetic diversity parameters measure the degree of resemblance and difference in the genetic characteristics of individuals or the population and could therefore guide assisted hybridization processes by preventing associations of genetically closed individuals [23]. Much research has shown a greater performance in the biomass, speed of development, and fertility in progeny compared to those of both parents defined as heterosis [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic Variability and Genetic Diversity in a Pinus koraiensis Clonal Trial in Northeastern China

Kaviriri

Zhang

et al. 2020

Genes

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Combining phenotypic and genetic characteristics in a genetic variation study is of paramount importance to effectively orient the selection of producers’ elite trees in a seed orchard. In total, 28 phenotypic characteristics and 16 microsatellite loci were used to analyze the clonal genetic variation, to characterize the genetic diversity, and to refine the genetic classifications of 110 Pinus koraiensis clones grown in the Naozhi orchard in northeastern China. All clones were significantly different in most traits. Most of the phenotypic characteristics showed great genetic variation among clones, while the genotypic differentiation was weak between the selection sites of clones. The SSR markers showed a relatively high level of genetic diversity (Na = 4.67 ± 0.43, Ne = 2.916 ± 0.18, I = 1.15 ± 0.07, Ho = 0.69 ± 0.04, He = 0.62 ± 0.02, and mean polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.574), with higher heterozygosity as an indication of a lower probability of inbreeding events in the orchard. Despite weak correlation coefficients between dissimilarity matrices (r(A/B), range equal to 0.022, p-value < 0.001), the genetic and phenotypic classifications congruently subdivided all the clones into three major groups. The patterns of phenotypic trait variations and genetic diversity are valuable to effectively select materials in breeding programs of P. koraiensis.

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“…Of particular significance to this analysis, hybridization can lead to ‘genetic swamping’, where interbreeding with domestic cats produces hybrid populations in which no remaining individuals can properly be described as the native, wild cat species (Todesco et al, ). Incidentally, blurring taxonomic distinctions between wild cat species and domestic cats can undermine the application of species‐based conservation laws, where such distinctions determine whether a species is an appropriate focus for conservation action (Fitzpatrick, Ryan, Johnson, Corush, & Carter, , but see Chan, Hoffman, & Oppen, ).…”

Section: Domestic Cats and Wildlifementioning

confidence: 99%

Domestic cats and their impacts on biodiversity: A blind spot in the application of nature conservation law

Trouwborst

McCormack

Camacho³

2020

People and Nature

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Free‐ranging domestic cats Felis catus, from owned pets to feral cats, impact biodiversity through predation, fear effects, competition, disease and hybridization. Scientific knowledge regarding these impacts has recently increased, making it timely to assess the role of nature conservation legislation in this connection. We do so with particular regard to the obligations of governments around the world under international wildlife law. First, we provide an overview of current knowledge, based on a literature review, concerning the ways in which domestic cats impact wildlife; the resulting effects on native species’ populations and ecosystems; and available strategies for addressing these issues. In light of this knowledge, using standard legal research methodology, we then identify and interpret relevant legal instruments, with a particular focus on international wildlife treaties. Lastly, we identify and assess factors that may influence the implementation of relevant obligations. The outcomes of this analysis indicate that numerous legal obligations of relevance to free‐ranging domestic cats already apply under global treaties such as the Convention on Biological Diversity, Convention on Migratory Species and World Heritage Convention, and a range of regional legal instruments for biodiversity conservation. Of particular significance are obligations concerning (a) invasive alien species; (b) protected areas and (c) protected species. Many national authorities around the world are currently required, under international law, to adopt and implement policies aimed at preventing, reducing or eliminating the biodiversity impacts of free‐ranging domestic cats, in particular by (a) removing feral and other unowned cats from the landscape to the greatest extent possible and (b) restricting the outdoor access of owned cats. Factors that can influence or impair the application of these obligations include considerations of feasibility, scientific uncertainty, the interests of cat owners and the (perceived) interests of domestic cats themselves. Even if such factors may to some extent explain why many authorities have hitherto failed to take effective action to address the threats posed by free‐ranging domestic cats, from a legal perspective these factors provide little ground for justifying non‐compliance with international wildlife law. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

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Hybridization as a conservation management tool

Cited by 110 publications

References 83 publications

Assessing the role of historical temperature regime and algal symbionts on the heat tolerance of coral juveniles

Assessing the role of historical temperature regime and algal symbionts on the heat tolerance of coral juveniles

Phenotypic Variability and Genetic Diversity in a Pinus koraiensis Clonal Trial in Northeastern China

Domestic cats and their impacts on biodiversity: A blind spot in the application of nature conservation law

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