Hybridization and Polyploidization in Sturgeon

Havelka, Miloš; Arai, Katsutoshi

doi:10.1002/9781119127291.ch34

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…We have discovered a female-specific (W) region, consistent with a potential ZZ/ZW system in sturgeon. This finding is in accordance with previous assumptions or indirect evidence that sturgeons exhibit a female-heterogametic sex determination system [ 36 , 48 , 49 ]. This genomic region is conserved in at least six sturgeon species, spanning the entire phylogenetic tree, represented by the most divergent species A. sturio, A. oxyrinchus , A. ruthenus and H. huso , all of which are formally ancient tetraploid (approx.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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A 180 Myr-old female-specific genome region in sturgeon reveals the oldest known vertebrate sex determining system with undifferentiated sex chromosomes

Kuhl

Guiguen

Höhne

et al. 2021

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Several hypotheses explain the prevalence of undifferentiated sex chromosomes in poikilothermic vertebrates. Turnovers change the master sex determination gene, the sex chromosome or the sex determination system (e.g. XY to WZ). Jumping master genes stay main triggers but translocate to other chromosomes. Occasional recombination (e.g. in sex-reversed females) prevents sex chromosome degeneration. Recent research has uncovered conserved heteromorphic or even homomorphic sex chromosomes in several clades of non-avian and non-mammalian vertebrates. Sex determination in sturgeons (Acipenseridae) has been a long-standing basic biological question, linked to economical demands by the caviar-producing aquaculture. Here, we report the discovery of a sex-specific sequence from sterlet ( Acipenser ruthenus ). Using chromosome-scale assemblies and pool-sequencing, we first identified an approximately 16 kb female-specific region. We developed a PCR-genotyping test, yielding female-specific products in six species, spanning the entire phylogeny with the most divergent extant lineages ( A. sturio, A. oxyrinchus versus A. ruthenus, Huso huso ), stemming from an ancient tetraploidization. Similar results were obtained in two octoploid species ( A. gueldenstaedtii, A. baerii ). Conservation of a female-specific sequence for a long period, representing 180 Myr of sturgeon evolution, and across at least one polyploidization event, raises many interesting biological questions. We discuss a conserved undifferentiated sex chromosome system with a ZZ/ZW-mode of sex determination and potential alternatives. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Challenging the paradigm in sex chromosome evolution: empirical and theoretical insights with a focus on vertebrates (Part I)’.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The search for a sex chromosome or sex-linked markers in sturgeons has been unsuccessful for a long time [ 36 , 48 , 49 ]. We discuss four major challenges, why this has been the case.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 180 Myr-old female-specific genome region in sturgeon reveals the oldest known vertebrate sex determining system with undifferentiated sex chromosomes

Kuhl

Guiguen

Höhne

et al. 2021

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…The aquaculture potential of this hybrid is a subject for debate. Sturgeon hybrids are commonly used in aquaculture to exploit the advantages of heterosis [ 55 ]. It is estimated that hybrids account for approximately 35 and 20% percent of global sturgeon meat and caviar production, respectively [ 56 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybridization of Russian Sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii, Brandt and Ratzeberg, 1833) and American Paddlefish (Polyodon spathula, Walbaum 1792) and Evaluation of Their Progeny

Káldy

Mozsár

Fazekas

et al. 2020

Genes

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Two species from the families Acipenseridae and Polyodontidae, Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii, Brandt and Ratzeberg, 1833; functional tetraploid) and American paddlefish (Polyodon spathula, Walbaum 1792, functional diploid) were hybridized. The hybridization was repeated using eggs from three sturgeon and sperm from four paddlefish individuals. Survival in all hybrid family groups ranged from 62% to 74% 30 days after hatching. This was the first successful hybridization between these two species and between members of the family Acipenseridae and Polyodontidae. Flow cytometry and chromosome analysis revealed two ploidy levels in hybrids. The chromosome numbers of the hybrids ranged between 156–184 and 300–310, in “functional” triploids and “functional” pentaploids, respectively. The hybrid origin and the ploidy levels were also confirmed by microsatellite analyses. In hybrids, the size and the number of dorsal and ventral scutes correlated with the ploidy levels as well as with the calculated ratio of the maternal and paternal chromosome sets. An extra haploid cell lineage was found in three hybrid individuals irrespective of the ploidy level, suggesting polyspermy. Although the growth performance showed high variance in hybrids (mean: 1.2 kg, SD: 0.55), many individuals reached a size of approximately 1 kg by the age of one year under intensive rearing conditions.

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“…Generally, fish with induced WGD through inhibition of the first cell division of the zygote, once the chromosomes have been duplicated shortly after fertilisation, are considered an important source of fertile diploid gametes and as such, they are of great scientific interest 57 . Extremely high embryonic and juvenile mortality rates is the greatest obstacle of such an approach 58 , not only in diploid teleosts but also in sturgeons, as reviewed by Havelka and Arai 59 . Such AWGD organisms may display altered cell architecture and genomic regulatory networks leading to dosage imbalances and abnormal expressions, as concluded by Yin et al 60 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial whole genome duplication in paleopolyploid sturgeons yields highest documented chromosome number in vertebrates

Lebeda

Ráb

Majtánová

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Critically endangered sturgeons, having undergone three whole genome duplication events, represent an exceptional example of ploidy plasticity in vertebrates. Three extant ploidy groups, combined with autopolyploidization, interspecific hybridization and the fertility of hybrids are important issues in sturgeon conservation and aquaculture. Here we demonstrate that the sturgeon genome can undergo numerous alterations of ploidy without severe physiological consequences, producing progeny with a range of ploidy levels and extremely high chromosome numbers. Artificial suppression of the first mitotic division alone, or in combination with suppression of the second meiotic division of functionally tetraploid zygotes (4n, C-value = 4.15) of Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii and Russian sturgeon A. gueldenstaedtii resulted in progeny of various ploidy levels—diploid/hexaploid (2n/6n) mosaics, hexaploid, octoploid juveniles (8n), and dodecaploid (12n) larvae. Counts between 477 to 520 chromosomes in octoploid juveniles of both sturgeons confirmed the modal chromosome numbers of parental species had been doubled. This exceeds the highest previously documented chromosome count among vertebrates 2n ~ 446 in the cyprinid fish Ptychobarbus dipogon.

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Hybridization and Polyploidization in Sturgeon

Cited by 11 publications

References 90 publications

A 180 Myr-old female-specific genome region in sturgeon reveals the oldest known vertebrate sex determining system with undifferentiated sex chromosomes

A 180 Myr-old female-specific genome region in sturgeon reveals the oldest known vertebrate sex determining system with undifferentiated sex chromosomes

Hybridization of Russian Sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii, Brandt and Ratzeberg, 1833) and American Paddlefish (Polyodon spathula, Walbaum 1792) and Evaluation of Their Progeny

Artificial whole genome duplication in paleopolyploid sturgeons yields highest documented chromosome number in vertebrates

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