Hybridization alters the gut microbial and metabolic profile concurrent with modifying intestinal functions in Tunchang pigs

He, Jiayi; Zhang, Yunchao; Li, Hui; Xie, Yanshe; Huang, Guanhao; Chen, Peng; Zhao, Pengju; Wang, Zhengguang

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1159653

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 76 publications

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“…This is similar to the results of our previous study on the intestinal microbiota of hybrid wild boars over four generations, where there were no significant changes in the Shannon index and Observed OTUs during the hybridization process ( Wei et al, 2023 ). Additionally, a study also found that hybrid Batun (Berkshire × Tunchang) pigs showed no significant changes in Simpson, Chao1, ACE, and Shannon indices of alpha diversity compared to purebred Tunchang pigs ( He et al, 2023 ). Both studies observed changes in beta diversity after hybridization, consistent with our experimental results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Hybridization alters red deer gut microbiome and metabolites

Wei,

Zeng,

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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The host genes play a crucial role in shaping the composition and structure of the gut microbiome. Red deer is listed as an endangered species by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, and its pilose antlers have good medicinal value. Hybridization can lead to heterosis, resulting in increased pilose antler production and growth performance in hybrid deer. However, the role of the gut microbiome in hybrid deer remains largely unknown. In this study, alpha and beta diversity analysis showed that hybridization altered the composition and structure of the gut microbiome of the offspring, with the composition and structure of the hybrid offspring being more similar to those of the paternal parents. Interestingly, the LefSe differential analysis showed that there were some significantly enriched gut microbiome in the paternal parents (such as g_Prevotellaceae UCG-003, f_Bacteroidales RF16 group; Ambiguous_taxa, etc.) and the maternal parents (including g_Alistipes, g_Anaerosporobacter, etc.), which remained significantly enriched in the hybrid offspring. Additionally, the hybrid offspring exhibited a significant advantage over the parental strains, particularly in taxa that can produce short-chain fatty acids, such as g_Prevotellaceae UCG-003, g_Roseburia, g_Succinivibrio, and g_Lachnospiraceae UCG-006. Similar to bacterial transmission, metagenomic analysis showed that some signaling pathways related to pilose antler growth (“Wnt signaling pathway,” “PI3K Akt signaling pathway,” “MAPK signaling pathway”) were also enriched in hybrid red deer after hybridization. Furthermore, metabolomic analysis revealed that compared with the paternal and maternal parents, the hybrid offspring exhibited significant enrichment in metabolites related to “Steroid hormone biosynthesis,” “Tryptophan metabolism,” “Valine, leucine and isoleucine metabolism,” and “Vitamin B metabolism.” Notably, the metagenomic analysis also showed that these metabolic pathways were significantly enriched in hybrid deer. Finally, a correlation analysis between the gut microbiome and metabolites revealed a significant positive correlation between the enriched taxa in hybrid deer, including the Bacteroidales RF16 group, Prevotellaceae, and Succinivibrio, and metabolites, such as 7α-hydroxytestosterone, L-kynurenine, indole, L-isoleucine, and riboflavin. The study contributes valuable data toward understanding the role of the gut microbiome from red deer in hybridization and provides reference data for further screening potential probiotics and performing microbial-assisted breeding that promotes the growth of red deer pilose antlers and bodies, development, and immunity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Hybridization alters red deer gut microbiome and metabolites

Wei,

Zeng,

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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The Adaptive Alternation of Intestinal Microbiota and Regulation of Host Genes Jointly Promote Pigs to Digest Appropriate High-Fiber Diets

Zhang,

Li,

et al. 2024

Animals

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Although studies have revealed the significant impact of dietary fiber on growth performance and nutrient digestibility, the specific characteristics of the intestinal microbiota and gene regulation in pigs capable of digesting high-fiber diets remained unclear. To investigate the traits associated with roughage tolerance in the Chinese indigenous pig breed, we conducted comparative analysis of growth performance, apparent fiber digestibility, intestinal microbiota, SCFA concentrations and intestinal transcriptome in Tunchang pigs, feeding them diets with different wheat bran levels. The results indicated that the growth performance of Tunchang pigs was not significantly impacted, and the apparent total tract digestibility of crude fiber was significantly improved with increasing dietary fiber content. High-fiber diets altered the diversity of intestinal microbiota, and increased the relative abundance of Prevotella, CF231, as well as the concentrations of isobutyrate, valerate and isovalerate. The LDA analysis identified potential microbial biomarkers that could be associated with roughage tolerance, such as Prevotella stercorea, and Eubacterium biforme. In addition, appropriate high-fiber diets containing 4.34% crude fiber upregulated the mRNA expressions of PYY, AQP8, and SLC5A8, while downregulating the mRNA expressions of CKM and CNN1.This indicated that appropriate high-fiber diets may inhibit intestine motility and increase the absorption of water and SCFAs.

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Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals Dietary Fiber’s Impact on Growth, Slaughter Performance, and Gut Microbiome in Durco × Bamei Crossbred Pig

Tang,

Zhang,

Wang

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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Dietary fiber (DF) is an important nutrient component in pig’s diet that remarkably influences their growth and slaughter performance. The ability of pigs to digest DF depends on the microbial composition of the intestinal tract, particularly in the hindgut. However, studies on how DF alters the growth and slaughter performance of pigs by shaping the gut microbial composition and metabolites are still limited. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of DF on microbial composition, functions, and metabolites, ultimately altering host growth and slaughter performance using Durco × Bamei crossbred pigs supplemented with 0%, 10%, 17%, and 24% broad bean silage in the basic diet. We found that the final weight, average daily gain, fat, and lean meat weight significantly decreased with increasing DF. Pigs with the lowest slaughter rate and fat weight were observed in the 24% fiber-supplemented group. Gut microbial communities with the highest alpha diversity were formed in the 17% fiber group. The relative abundance of fiber-degrading bacteria, bile acid, and succinate-producing bacteria, including Prevotella sp., Bacteroides sp., Ruminococcus sp., and Parabacteroides sp., and functional pathways, including the butanoate metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid [TCA] cycle, significantly increased in the high-fiber groups. The concentrations of several bile acids significantly decreased in the fiber-supplemented groups, whereas the concentrations of succinate and long-chain fatty acids increased. Our results indicate that a high-fiber diet may alter the growth and slaughter performance of Durco × Bamei crossbred pigs by modulating the composition of Prevotella sp., Bacteroides sp., Ruminococcus sp., Parabacteroides sp., and metabolite pathways of bile acids and succinate.

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Hybridization alters the gut microbial and metabolic profile concurrent with modifying intestinal functions in Tunchang pigs

Cited by 3 publications

References 76 publications

Hybridization alters red deer gut microbiome and metabolites

Hybridization alters red deer gut microbiome and metabolites

The Adaptive Alternation of Intestinal Microbiota and Regulation of Host Genes Jointly Promote Pigs to Digest Appropriate High-Fiber Diets

Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals Dietary Fiber’s Impact on Growth, Slaughter Performance, and Gut Microbiome in Durco × Bamei Crossbred Pig

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