Hybrid XNBR composites with carbon and aluminosilicate nanofillers

Abstract

The objective of the work was to investigate the possibility of simultaneous application of different types of nanofillers: graphene oxide with carboxylic groups and modified bentonite nanoparticles to carboxylated acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (XNBR), and to determine the effect on the structural, mechanical and barrier properties of the composites. The composites were designed for use in protective clothing and gloves. Rubber compounds were crosslinked by a hybrid set with simultaneous use of sulphur (1.5 phr) and magnesium oxide (2.5 phr). Graphene oxide and bentonite particles were characterised by BET test method. The XNBR composites with nanofillers were studied in terms of structure (WAXS) and types of chemical bonds (FTIR), barrier properties against chemical substances (mineral oil) and swelling properties, as well as mechanical properties (puncture resistance, tear resistance, cut resistance, abrasion resistance, tensile strength). Simultaneous incorporation into XNBR of two types of nanofillers, bentonite in the amount of 1.0-4.0 phr and graphene oxide with carboxylic groups in the amount of 1.0-2.0 phr, affected positively the mechanical parameters. The most significant improvement was noted for the parameter specifying the puncture resistance, almost threefold improvement from 34 ± 2 N for unfilled XNBR composite to 91 ± 5 N for XNBR composite filled with 2 phr of bentonite (XNBR Bent. 2), or one and a half to 56 ± 5 N for XNBR composite filled with 2 phr of bentonite and 2 phr of graphene oxide (XNBR Bent 2 GO 2). The composites showed equally high resistance to penetration of the selected test chemical-mineral oil. The breakthrough time for XNBR composites without the nanofiller and containing differential amounts of nanofillers was very long and similar to that obtained for the reference sample (480 min). Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (https ://doi.org/10.1007/s0028 9-019-02825 -9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.Polymer Bulletin (2020) 77:1749-1780 tetra-and octahedrons that are balanced by free alkaline cations (Na + , Ca 2+ , H + , Li + ) in the intercalated area. Inorganic cations in the gallery are exchanged, e.g. to organic cations, so the MMT surface becomes organophilic [7].The distances between the layers are within the 0.1-2.1 nm range. The thickness of a single MMT platelet amounts to 9.6 Å, and its transverse dimensions range from 300 nm to several micrometres. The total thickness of a single package along with the space between it and another platelet is called the base distance and amounts to 1.26 nm (Fig. 1) [8].The layered structure of MMT results in the ability to absorb water and dissolve in organic solvents, binding surfactants and larger molecules in the intercalated layer, which is used for filling polymer composites. A significant advantage of bentonites is the ability to create gels in water, with thixotropic properties [9,10]. Natural bentonites are, however, hydrophilic and incompatible with pol...

Cs3Bi2I9/g-C3N4 as a new binary photocatalyst for efficient visible-light photocatalytic processes

“…The absorption band ranges between 1000 cm -1 and 1300 cm -1 can be assigned to the aromatic plane C-H bending [37][38][39][40]. Furthermore, the ranges between 1400 cm -1 and 1600 cm -1 belong to C=C and C-C bond from aromatic rings [41,42]. This can be due to the chemical interactions between Cs3Bi2I9…”