Hybrid TDMA/CDMA MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Ma, Lujuan; Leung, Henry; Li, Deshi

doi:10.4304/jnw.9.10.2665-2673

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Thus, energy‐efficient protocols envisioned to have longer network lifetime are heavily dependent on MAC layer and network layer. Most traditional MAC() and routing protocols() for WSN are based on the single layer approach. The existing MAC and routing protocols provide a certain level of efficiency in terms of energy, throughput, and end‐to‐end delay.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

XMSN: An efficient cross‐layer protocol for mixed wireless sensor networks

Maitra

Roy

2019

Int J Communication

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The application of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) technology in monitoring systems is demanding more efficient services to fulfill the requirements of the monitoring task. For this purpose, the simultaneous presence of features such as different communication mediums (air and water) used by nodes and various sizes of data generated by heterogeneous nodes are the key obstacles to build a communication protocol, which can ensure the reliable data delivery. This work terms such WSNs as mixed wireless sensor networks (MWSNs) which contains the aforementioned features. In this paper, we introduce a new cross-layer protocol for mixed wireless sensor network (XMSN) which can adapt these features. The proposed cross layer protocol XMSN for such mixed environment is implemented and analyzed extensively in Castalia simulator. The performance of XMSN is compared with composition of well-known protocols, namely, CTP plus BoX-MAC-2. The result shows that XMSN has better efficiency in terms of end-to-end delay, energy consumption, and goodput than that of CTP plus BoX-MAC-2 protocol. KEYWORDS cross-layer, delay, energy consumption, mixed wireless sensor network (MWSN), sensor Int J Commun Syst. 2019;32:e3946. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/dacGenerally, the energy consumption rate for sensors and end-to-end delay vary greatly based on the protocols used in the different layers like media access control (MAC) and routing. MAC layer directly accesses the physical layer and controls the radio; and network layer finds an energy-efficient path by selecting the suitable parent after knowing neighbor nodes' network performance. Thus, energy-efficient protocols envisioned to have longer network lifetime are heavily dependent on MAC layer and network layer. Most traditional MAC 7-11 and routing protocols 12-16 for WSN are based on the single layer approach. The existing MAC and routing protocols provide a certain level of efficiency in terms of energy, throughput, and end-to-end delay. However, in such individual layer approaches, overall optimization is not possible. On the other hand, cross-layer protocols provide better energy efficiency and network performance in terms of high throughput, low latency, and better quality of service (QoS) support. Since, cross-layer protocol breaks the virtual boundary between (or among) two (or more) layers by exchanging information, 17 it becomes easier to manage the resources like energy and bandwidth. The network performance of future WSN-based applications will be enhanced by cross-layer design between radio, MAC, network, and higher layer protocols. In this section, we summarize some existing works on cross-layer protocols for WSNs from the perspectives of performance metrics like energy efficiency, delay, and QoS.

show abstract

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

XMSN: An efficient cross‐layer protocol for mixed wireless sensor networks

Maitra

Roy

2019

Int J Communication

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is why it is called Direct Sequence-CDMA or DS-CDMA. The spreading codes are computed using orthogonal Walsh-Hadamard codes since it is one of the best orthogonal code generation techniques used to mitigate Multiple Access Interference (MAI) problem that arises from the asynchronous nature of BSN [ 25 , 26 ]. In general, the energy consumed by nodes for data processing prior to transmission includes compression, encoding, and encryption of data; and is modeled as “a constant per packet energy plus a term that is directly proportional to the length of the packet” [ 27 ].…”

Section: Hybrid Dtdma/ds-cdma Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Hybrid Emergency Aware MAC Protocol for Wireless Body Sensor Networks

Dargham

Makhoul

Abdo

et al. 2018

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In Body Sensor Networks (BSNs), two types of events should be addressed: periodic and emergency events. Traffic rate is usually low during periodic observation, and becomes very high upon emergency. One of the main and challenging requirements of BSNs is to design Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols that guarantee immediate and reliable transmission of data in emergency situations, while maintaining high energy efficiency in non-emergency conditions. In this paper, we propose a new emergency aware hybrid DTDMA/DS-CDMA protocol that can accommodate BSN traffic variations by addressing emergency and periodic traffic requirements. It takes advantage of the high delay efficiency of DS-CDMA in traffic burst, and the high energy efficiency of DTDMA in periodic traffic. The proposed scheme is evaluated in terms of delay, packet drop percentage, and energy consumption. Different OPNET simulations are performed for various number of nodes carrying emergency data, and for various payload sizes. The protocol performance is compared to other existing hybrid protocols. Results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the others in terms of delay and packet drop percentage for different number of nodes carrying emergency data, as well as for different payload sizes. It also offers the highest energy efficiency during periodic observation, while adjusting the energy consumption during emergency by assigning spreading codes only to nodes holding emergency data.

show abstract

Investigating low level protocols for Wireless Body Sensor Networks

Boudargham

Abdo

Demerjian

et al. 2016

2016 IEEE/ACS 13th International Conference of Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-The rapid development of medical sensors has increased the interest in Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) applications where physiological data from the human body and its environment is gathered, monitored, and analyzed to take the proper measures. In WBANs, it is essential to design MAC protocols that ensure adequate Quality of Service (QoS) such as low delay and high scalability. This paper investigates Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols used in WBAN, and compares their performance in a high traffic environment. Such scenario can be induced in case of emergency for example, where physiological data collected from all sensors on human body should be sent simultaneously to take appropriate action. This study can also be extended to cover collaborative WBAN systems where information from different bodies is sent simultaneously leading to high traffic. OPNET simulations are performed to compare the delay and scalability performance of the different MAC protocols under the same experimental conditions and to draw conclusions about the best protocol to be used in a high traffic environment.

show abstract

Hybrid TDMA/CDMA MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Cited by 6 publications

References 26 publications

XMSN: An efficient cross‐layer protocol for mixed wireless sensor networks

XMSN: An efficient cross‐layer protocol for mixed wireless sensor networks

Efficient Hybrid Emergency Aware MAC Protocol for Wireless Body Sensor Networks

Investigating low level protocols for Wireless Body Sensor Networks

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About