“…The global demand for hydrogen has been rising in recent years, with a 22% increase to 115 million tons per year expected by 2030. , Hydrogen gas is currently produced primarily via steam-methane reforming, which results in the generation of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. , Water electrolysis driven by renewable electricity (e.g., wind or solar power) for hydrogen production is a cleaner alternative. , However, ultrapure water is usually needed for water electrolysis, which is often not readily available in areas where renewable energy sources are abundant, like coastal regions, as salt water is prevalent in those regions. , Direct seawater electrolysis is problematic due to the evolution of corrosive chlorine gas at the anode, which can shorten the life span of the electrolyzer setup. , One potential solution is to pretreat seawater to produce ultrapure water for electrolysis, but this increases the complexity of hydrogen production. , …”