Hybrid sorption and pressure-driven membrane technologies for organic micropollutants removal in advanced water reclamation: A techno-economic assessment

Adsorption/Coagulation/Ceramic Microfiltration for Treating Challenging Waters for Drinking Water Production

“…Pilot studies with pressurized PAC/ultrafiltration reported removals of sulfamethoxazole, carbamazepine and diclofenac from secondary effluent of 60–95% [ 43 ] and <30% to >80% [ 44 ] with 20 mg/L PAC, while in our previous studies with a pressurized PAC/(Alum)/ceramic MF pilot [ 28 ] we reached individual pesticides’ removals of 53% to >97% from surface water using 8–10 mg/L PAC. Overall, PAC seems to be more efficient for the adsorption of neutral hydrophobic or positively charged compounds [ 28 , 45 ].…”

“…Diverse PhCs with potential deleterious acute and synergistic chronic health effects have been reported in surface, groundwater and even in drinking water at ng/L to low µg/L range [2,5,6], with carbamazepine, diclofenac, propranolol, and atenolol amongst the major compounds detected [7,8]. Pesticides such as atrazine, tebuconazole, diuron and dimethoate have shown critical occurrence in several water abstraction areas Pilot studies with pressurized PAC/ultrafiltration reported removals of sulfamethoxazole, carbamazepine and diclofenac from secondary effluent of 60-95% [43] and <30% to >80% [44] with 20 mg/L PAC, while in our previous studies with a pressurized PAC/(Alum)/ceramic MF pilot [28] we reached individual pesticides' removals of 53% to >97% from surface water using 8-10 mg/L PAC. Overall, PAC seems to be more efficient for the adsorption of neutral hydrophobic or positively charged compounds [28,45].…”

Techno-economic assessment of a membrane-based wastewater reclamation process

“…CAPEX refers to the cost of equipment acquisition and installation until the plant starts operating, while OPEX refers to the operation cost, and it includes variable and fixed costs. The variable costs are dependent on the flowrate of reclaimed water obtained during the process [38,39]. Pumping energy and cost of reactants used for water conditioning and membrane cleaning are considered for the calculation of UF and RO variable costs.…”

“…A detailed cost estimation for each scenario is given in Table 5. An average electricity price of 0.11 €/kWh has been used considering the prices in Spain as recently reported [38]. Attending to the data presented in this 5, it can be seen that fixed assets and interest is the most important component of CAPEX for small scale scenarios (38-35% of total treatment costs for scenarios I and II) while its scale-up dependence allows to reduce its contribution in larger scales (26% of total treatment costs in scenario III).…”

Facile fabrication of low-cost activated carbon bonded polyethersulfone membrane for efficient bacteria and turbidity removal

“…For example, people collect water from ponds and rivers, but now they can obtain water from unconventional sources, such as simple water treatment and water purification (Ang et al 2011;Lee et al 2017). Currently, wastewater reclamation has received much attention as an alternative source of freshwater for irrigation and industrial purposes (Diaz-Elsayed et al 2020;Echevarría et al 2020).…”