Hybrid projective synchronization of complex Duffing–Holmes oscillators with application to image encryption

Abstract

Many works on hybrid projective synchronization (or simply 'HPS' for short) of nonlinear real dynamic systems have been performed, while the HPS of chaotic complex systems and its application have not been extensively studied. In this paper, the HPS of complex Duffing-Holmes oscillators with known and unknown parameters is separately investigated via nonlinear control. The adaptive control methods and explicit expressions are derived for controllers and parameters estimation law, which are respectively used to achieve HPS. These expressions on controllers are tested numerically, which are in excellent agreement with theory analysis. The proposed synchronization scheme is applied to image encryption with exclusive or (or simply 'XOR' for short). The related security analysis shows the high security of the encryption scheme. Concerning the complex Duffing-Holmes oscillator, we also discuss its chaotic properties via the maximum Lyapunov exponent.

‎S‎ynchronization ‎of‎ different ‎dimensions‎ ‎fractional-‎order chaotic ‎systems with uncertain‎‎ ‎ parameters ‎and ‎secure ‎communication‎‎‎‎‎

“…Applications of the fractional-order systems in the fields of physics and engineering have attracted lots of attentions in the recent years [1,2]. Also, many efforts have been devoted to the study of fractional-order chaotic systems.…”