“…Moreover, 60% of LDs develop wound-related symptoms, such as a tightened wound, paresthesia, or a hypertrophic scar even at 1 year after OS, and 35% of them continue to have complaints thereafter [18]. In LAS, an upper middle incision is preferable for minimizing abdominal muscle damage [18,21,22,24], and this incision could allow access to all segments [18,21,22,24]. Skillful surgeons have gradually expanded their surgical indications for LDs, in the order of OS, LAS or HT, and PLS [9,18,21,22,30,31].…”