Hybrid plasmonic optical modulator based on multi-layer graphene

Vahed, Hamid; Ahmadi, Sohrab

doi:10.1007/s11082-019-2118-z

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Metamaterial, metal, and graphene interfaces support hybrid ordinary-SPP modes with sub-wavelength confinement less than SPPs. 2,17,18 We aim to characterize the propagating modes' behavior along a metamaterial-dielectric elliptical waveguide with different eccentricities. Characterization of modes' behavior propagating along an elliptical waveguide is essential for designing elliptical waveguides and for characterizing cylindrical waveguides that fluctuate due to manufacturing defects or environmental effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of hollow elliptical waveguide with metamaterial cladding

Ghasemzadeh,

Lotfi,

Kheradmand

et al. 2024

Opt. Eng.

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We characterize the behavior of modes propagating along a hollow elliptical waveguide with lossy metamaterial cladding. The proposed metamaterial-dielectric elliptical waveguide supports surface-plasmon polariton (SPP) and hybrid ordinary-SPP modes in the operating frequency ranges. Previous studies on metamaterial-dielectric elliptical waveguides either ignore the effect of energy loss on the modes characteristics or employ approximate approaches to characterize modes behavior. Although some previous works include energy loss, they do not specify SPPs propagation versus hybrid-ordinary SPPs propagation in the operating frequency ranges. Here, we consider energy loss in the waveguide to eliminate errors resulting from neglecting the loss. Our waveguide structure facilitates SPP and hybrid ordinary-SPP modes propagation along the waveguide, has better energy confinement, and higher propagation length than previous results in the literature. In the elliptical waveguide, the propagation coefficient changes by changing the waveguide eccentricity; therefore, the elliptical nature of the studied waveguide facilitates its applications in pressure optical sensors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metal and graphene-based waveguides can also support SPP propagation along the interfaces. Metamaterial, metal, and graphene interfaces support hybrid ordinary-SPP modes with sub-wavelength confinement less than SPPs 2 , 17 , 18 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of hollow elliptical waveguide with metamaterial cladding

Ghasemzadeh,

Lotfi,

Kheradmand

et al. 2024

Opt. Eng.

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“…A novel modulator design has recently been presented that involves the use of multi-layer graphene as an absorber layer within a high-performance HPW structure [18]. The plasmonic-enhanced modulator utilizes a waveguide structure with a stack of graphene/hBN layers, where hBN serves as a flat substrate for graphene [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing modulation performance by design of hybrid plasmonic optical modulator integrating multi-layer graphene and TiO₂ on silicon waveguides

Supasai,

Siritaratiwat,

Srichan

et al. 2024

Nanotechnology

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A novel way to enhance modulation performance is through the design of a hybrid plasmonic optical modulator that integrates multi-layer graphene and TiO2 on silicon waveguides. In this article, a design is presented of a proposed modulator based on the use of the two-dimensional finite difference eigenmode solver, the three-dimensional eigenmode expansion solver, and the CHARGE solver. Leveraging inherent graphene properties and utilizing the subwavelength confinement capabilities of hybrid plasmonic waveguides (HPWs), we achieved a modulator design that is both compact and highly efficient. The electrical bandwidth f 3dB is at 460.42 GHz and it reduces energy consumption to 12.17 fJ/bit with a modulator that functions at a wavelength of 1.55 μm. According to our simulation results, our innovation was the optimization of the third dielectric layer’s thickness, setting the stage to achieve greater modulation depths. This synergy between graphene and HPWs not only augments subwavelength confinement, but also optimizes light–graphene interaction, culminating in a markedly enhanced modulation efficiency. As a result, our modulator presents a high extinction ratio and minimized insertion loss. Furthermore, it exhibits polarization insensitivity and a greater bandwidth. Our work sets a new benchmark in optical communication systems, emphasizing the potential for the next generation of chip-scale with high-efficiency optical modulators that significantly outpace conventional graphene-based designs.

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“…On the other hand, graphene conductivity can be tuned in a wide frequency range at the terahertz band by chemical doping or applying DC voltage. This important feature can underpin the action base of electro-optical devices such as tunable graphene-based absorbers Vasic and Gajic (2013); Barzegar-Parizi (2019), optical modulators Sensale-Rodriguez (2012); Vahed and Ahmadi (2020), tunable graphene-based nanoantenna Reed (2012), and chemical sensors based on graphene . In recent years, multilayer stacking and different size graphene resonators configuration Xia (2018; Li (2019) as two conventional ways are utilized to obtain multi-band absorption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quad-band tunable graphene-based metamaterial absorber operating at THz frequencies

Ghods

Afsahi

2021

Opt Quant Electron

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A graphene-based metamaterial absorber is presented to act at four resonance frequencies of the far-infrared range. The proposed absorber consists of a graphene-based resonant metasurface at the top, dielectric layer and gold layer as the ground plane at the bottom of the structure. The Results demonstrate that absorption peaks larger than 0.9 can be attained at four resonance frequencies under a transverse magnetic polarized incident wave. Also, resonance frequencies of the structure can be tuned through changing graphene Fermi energy. The conclusions may be beneficial for realizing multi-band next-generation optoelectronic devices based on graphene.

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Hybrid plasmonic optical modulator based on multi-layer graphene

Cited by 22 publications

References 47 publications

Analysis of hollow elliptical waveguide with metamaterial cladding

Analysis of hollow elliptical waveguide with metamaterial cladding

Enhancing modulation performance by design of hybrid plasmonic optical modulator integrating multi-layer graphene and TiO₂ on silicon waveguides

Quad-band tunable graphene-based metamaterial absorber operating at THz frequencies

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Hybrid plasmonic optical modulator based on multi-layer graphene

Cited by 22 publications

References 47 publications

Analysis of hollow elliptical waveguide with metamaterial cladding

Analysis of hollow elliptical waveguide with metamaterial cladding

Enhancing modulation performance by design of hybrid plasmonic optical modulator integrating multi-layer graphene and TiO2 on silicon waveguides

Quad-band tunable graphene-based metamaterial absorber operating at THz frequencies

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Enhancing modulation performance by design of hybrid plasmonic optical modulator integrating multi-layer graphene and TiO₂ on silicon waveguides