Hybrid phototube with Si target

Geest, Lambertus K. van; Stoop, Karel W. J.

doi:10.1016/0168-9002(91)91040-3

Cited by 26 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…However, the light produced in a 1 cm thick plastic scintillator would saturate the photomultiplier. We therefore used proximity focused Hybrid Photo Diodes (HPD) [13][14][15]. These comprise a vacuum tube in which the photoelectrons are accelerated toward a silicon diode by a high voltage applied to the photo-cathode.…”

Section: The External Beam Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ATHENA antihydrogen apparatus

Amoretti

Amsler

Bonomi

et al. 2004

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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The ATHENA apparatus that recently produced and detected the first cold antihydrogen atoms is described. Its main features, which are described herein, are: an external positron accumulator, making it possible to accumulate large numbers of positrons; a separate antiproton catching trap, optimizing the catching, cooling and handling of antiprotons; a unique high resolution antihydrogen annihilation detector, allowing an clear determination that antihydrogen has been produced; an open, modular design making variations in the experimental approach possible and a ‘‘nested’’ Penning trap situated in a cryogenic, 3T magnetic field environment used for the mixing of the antiprotons and positrons

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Section: The External Beam Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ATHENA antihydrogen apparatus

Amoretti

Amsler

Bonomi

et al. 2004

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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“…The proximity focused HPD [8][9][10][11][12] is a vacuum tube in which the dynodic ladder is eliminated and the collection electrode is replaced by a planar Si diode biased in inverse mode. The working principle of the HPD is schematically shown in fig.…”

Section: The Hpdmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel current mode operating beam counter based on not preamplified HPDs

Fujiwara¹,

Marchesotti²

2002

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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A novel system to monitor the intensity and the stability of a bunched beam of ≃ 1.2 × 10 7 antiprotons (ps) with a length of ≃ 250 ns (FWHM) and to measure its trapping efficiency in a Penning trap is described. This system operates parasitically detecting the pions from the annihilation of part of the beam in a degrader.Six plastic scintillators have been coupled from one side to six proximity focused HPDs without preamplifiers and operating in current mode. This device works in the stray field of the ATHENA magnet with no loss of efficiency; the gain can be varied from zero to a few thousands with a precision better than 0.1% and the dynamic range is larger than 8 orders of magnitude. Linearity and stability have been measured up to charge responses of 100 nC, corresponding to the beam completely dumped. The beam counter has been calibrated in two different and independent ways giving consistent results.

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“…An ideal photodetector should take into account sensitivity, lifetime, response, signalto-noise ratio, detectivity, transmission bandwidth, power consumption and dark current [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Photodetectors based on direct conversion of incident photons into electronic signals are mainly classified into phototube, photoconductive (PC) and photovoltaic (PV) detectors [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. The phototube is a photoelectric conversion device based on the external photoelectric effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The recent progress of triboelectric nanogenerator-assisted photodetectors

Guo

Cheng

2020

Nanotechnology

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Since 2012, triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has attracted significant interest from researchers in the field of energy conversion due to its unique output characteristics of high voltage, pulse and low current. In addition, recent advancements have demonstrated that photodetection platforms based on TENG exhibit great advantages such as being simple, low-cost, portable, with high sensitivity, high response, etc, and are environment friendly. Here, this article provides a comprehensive review on the state-of-the-art photodetectors based on TENG in recent years, and a detailed introduction to the structural design and potential mechanisms. It mainly focuses on self-powered photodetectors (including photodetectors as a load resistance of a TENG and photosensitive materials such as tribo-layer of TENG) and the modulation of photodetectors based on TENG (including utilizing the voltage of TENG as well as triboelectric microplasma). Finally, we put forward some perspectives and outlook, including structure engineering and mechanism guidance, for the future development of simple, high-performance and portable photodetectors based on TENG.

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Hybrid phototube with Si target

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

The ATHENA antihydrogen apparatus

The ATHENA antihydrogen apparatus

A novel current mode operating beam counter based on not preamplified HPDs

The recent progress of triboelectric nanogenerator-assisted photodetectors

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