Hybrid Perovskite Terahertz Photoconductive Antenna

Abstract

Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites, while well examined for photovoltaic applications, remain almost completely unexplored in the terahertz (THz) range. These low-cost hybrid materials are extremely attractive for THz applications because their optoelectronic properties can be chemically engineered with relative ease. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the first attempt to apply solution-processed polycrystalline films of hybrid perovskites for the development of photoconductive terahertz emitters. By using the widely studied methylammonium-based perovskites MAPbI3 and MAPbBr3, we fabricate and characterize large-aperture photoconductive antennas. The work presented here examines polycrystalline perovskite films excited both above and below the bandgap, as well as the scaling of THz emission with the applied bias field and the optical excitation fluence. The combination of ultrafast time-resolved spectroscopy and terahertz emission experiments allows us to determine the still-debated room temperature carrier lifetime and mobility of charge carriers in halide perovskites using an alternative noninvasive method. Our results demonstrate the applicability of hybrid perovskites for the development of scalable THz photoconductive devices, making these materials competitive with conventional semiconductors for THz emission.

Terahertz Detection with Optically Gated Halide Perovskites

“…As follows from the above discussion, the carrier lifetime is one of the major material characteristics determining the photoconductive detector bandwidth. Indeed, in accordance with our time-resolved pump-probe spectroscopy measurements, THz emission spectroscopy, and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements (see the Supporting Information), the employed hybrid perovskite materials demonstrate moderate mobility (μ = 58 cm 2 /V·s and μ = 88 cm 2 /V·s in MAPbI 3 and MAPbBr 3 , respectively) and lifetimes exceeding ∼300 ps. However, as long as the optical gating pulse, which is about 40 fs in our experiment, is much shorter than the oscillation period of the THz pulse, we are able to detect the time-domain waveform with a perovskite detector.…”

“…21 Meanwhile, increasing the efficiency of pulsed terahertz sources and detectors due to more advanced designs or new materials is one of the main directions in the field of terahertz technologies.. 22−24 Recently, the generation of THz radiation from optically excited large-aperture photoconductive antennas based on hybrid perovskites has already been demonstrated. 25 However, a photoconductive antenna can be used not only for the generation of THz waves but also for their detection. In contrast to bolometric or photothermoelectric power meters, a photoconductive antenna enables direct detection of the electric field oscillations by measuring the transient waveform of the THz pulse.…”

“…Recently, the generation of THz radiation from optically excited large-aperture photoconductive antennas based on hybrid perovskites has already been demonstrated . However, a photoconductive antenna can be used not only for the generation of THz waves but also for their detection.…”

Theoretical Investigation on the Mechanism and Law of Broadband Terahertz Wave Detection Using Rydberg Quantum State

“…In the past forty years, terahertz radiation sources and detectors has made great development. Combing with the coherent detection, more and more detection technologies such as photoconductive antennas [7], electrooptical crystals [8], and air detection [9], [10] have gradually matured. The phase information of the electric field is obtained on the basis of the original detection relative intensity, and the minimum detectable power is also getting smaller and smaller.…”

Terahertz Wave Absorption Property of all Mixed Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Thin Film MA(Sn, Pb)(Br, I)3 Fabricated by Sequential Vacuum Evaporation Method

“…Recently, organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite (OHP) materials, because of their universal properties such as controllable bandgap, weak exciton binding energy, and high-carrier mobility, are attracting great attention for solar-cell and light-emitting diode applications ( D’Innocenzo et al, 2014 ; Frost et al, 2014 ; Frost and Walsh, 2016 ; Pedesseau, 2016 ; NR Venkatesan, 2018 ; Yi et al, 2019 ). Many researchers are focusing on their fundamental properties to explore possibilities of new applications such as laser, memory device, and terahertz (THz) detector ( ER Dohner, 2014 ; Kepenekian et al, 2015 ; Saba et al, 2016 ; Srimath Kandada and Petrozza, 2016 ; Lee et al, 2018 ; Sarritzu et al, 2018 ; Straus and Kagan, 2018 ; Grancini and Nazeeruddin, 2019 ; Obraztsov et al, 2021 ). In fact, the versatility of OHP contains very high possibility in novel device applications.…”