Hybrid Materials and Polymer Electrolytes for Electrochromic Device Applications

Thakur, Vijay Kumar; Ding, Guoqiang; Ma, Jan; Lee, Pooi See; Lu, Xuehong

doi:10.1002/adma.201200213

Cited by 691 publications

(471 citation statements)

References 202 publications

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“…It is a liquid‐free system and composed by only salts and polar polymer matrix 258. Due to its solid nature, the problem of solvent evaporation and battery leakage could be alleviated even eliminated 259.…”

Section: Flexible Zn–air Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Architectures and Relatives of Air Electrodes in Zn–Air Batteries

et al. 2018

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Zn–air batteries are becoming the promising power sources for portable and wearable electronic devices and hybrid/electric vehicles because of their high specific energy density and the low cost for next‐generation green and sustainable energy technologies. An air electrode integrated with an oxygen electrocatalyst is the most important component and inevitably determines the performance and cost of a Zn–air battery. This article presents exciting advances and challenges related to air electrodes and their relatives. After a brief introduction of the Zn–air battery, the architectures and oxygen electrocatalysts of air electrodes and relevant electrolytes are highlighted in primary and rechargeable types with different configurations, respectively. Moreover, the individual components and major issues of flexible Zn–air batteries are also highlighted, along with the strategies to enhance the battery performance. Finally, a perspective for design, preparation, and assembly of air electrodes is proposed for the future innovations of Zn–air batteries with high performance.

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Section: Flexible Zn–air Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Architectures and Relatives of Air Electrodes in Zn–Air Batteries

et al. 2018

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“…34 The most common definition for the coloration efficiency of an electrochromic polymer is the change in absorbance (DA) obtained for a specific amount of injected charge per unit area (Q). 35 This definition is obviously not suitable for small organic electrochromic materials because not all of injected charges are used for electroreactions in the presence of a large amount of electrolytes. To apply to the system of small organic electrochromic materials, we have modified the definition of the coloration efficiency of the device by eliminating the background interference of electrolytes.…”

Section: Design and Synthesis Of The Switchable Moleculementioning

confidence: 99%

A single-molecule multicolor electrochromic device generated through medium engineering

et al. 2015

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Multicolor organic electrochromic materials are important for the generation of full-color devices. However, achieving multiple colors using a single-molecule material has proved challenging. In this study, a multicolor electrochromic prototype device is generated by integrating medium engineering/in situ 'electro base'/laminated electrode technologies with the simple flying fish-shaped methyl ketone TM1. This multicolor electrochromic (green, blue and magenta) device is durable and has a high coloration efficiency (350 cm 2 C 21 ), a fast switching time (50 ms) and superior reversibility. This study is a successful attempt to integrate solvatochromism and basochromism in an electronic display. This integration not only introduces a new avenue for color tuning, in addition to the structural design of the colorant, but will also inspire further developments in the tuning of many other properties by this medium engineering approach, such as conductance and the redox property, and thereby accelerate versatile applications in data recording, ultrathin flexible displays, and optical communication and sensing. Keywords: electrochromic materials; laminated electrodes; microenvironment; multicolor devices; solvatochromic materials INTRODUCTION Owing to the increasing demand for low-power, ultrathin, flexible electronic displays, organic electrochromic materials 1-3 have become a research focus because of their distinct merits: low weight, high contrast, wide viewing angle, flexibility and the potential for low power consumption. Because the realization of a multicolor switch is preferred in the majority of their applications in displays, 4-10 various electrochromic materials including polymers, 11,12 small organic molecules 13,14 and metal-organic complexes, 15 and technologies aimed at multicolor switches have been intensively explored. Transition metals based on metal-organic complex multicolor electrochromic materials exhibit attractive properties, such as high stability and chemiluminescence. 16 However, the expense and scarcity of the precious metals, such as ruthenium, 15,16 osmium 17 and iridium, 18 limit their practical applications. Polymeric multicolor electrochromic materials with different electrochromic activation units [19][20][21] possess the advantages of easy processing, diverse resources and facile color tunability. However, some intrinsic problems, such as the lack of colorless states, poor transparency, poor color purity and complicated synthesis procedures, hinder their applications. Compared with electrochromic polymers, small organic color switches possess the advantages of low cost, good color purity, distinct transition from colorless to colored states and fine tunability of their photoelectronic properties via easy structure modifications. The lack of multicolor abilities is their intrinsic

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“…The most probable applications of these materials are in primary and secondary batteries [2], in electrochromic windows [3] and related applications [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%