Hybrid Laser Arc Welding of X80 Steel: Influence of Welding Speed and Preheating on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties

Turichin, Gleb; Кузнецов, М. В.; Соколов, М. В.; Salminen, Antti

doi:10.1016/j.phpro.2015.11.015

Cited by 33 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The base plate used in the LMDF process was a #45 steel substrate with a similar element composition to M2, which helped prevent the substrate elements from affecting the formed sample . In addition, the substrate was preheated to 400 °C before the experiment began, which decreased the temperature gradient between the sample and the substrate during the forming process, thereby reducing the generation of thermal stress and inhibiting the generation of cracks or fractures . After the sample was formed, electrical discharge machining (EDM) was used to cut the sample into smaller samples of the required sizes for each experiment to facilitate subsequent research.…”

Section: Experiments Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Tantalum on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of M2 High‐Speed Steel Prepared by Laser Additive Manufacturing

Wang

Chen

Zhang

2020

steel research int.

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Herein, M2 high‐speed steel (HSS) samples with different Ta contents are prepared on #45 steel substrates by a laser additive manufacturing process. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the samples are systematically studied under five different Ta contents. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analyses show that the microstructures of the samples comprise equiaxed crystals, cellular dendritic structures, and reticular eutectic carbides. The samples are mainly composed of supersaturated martensite, retained austenite, and MxCy‐type carbides. The microstructures and mechanical properties of the samples are greatly affected by Ta alloying. After the M2 HSS is alloyed with 1 and 2 wt% Ta, obvious grain refinement occurs and the amount of retained austenite decreases; as a result of these microscale changes, the microhardness increases by 2.9% and 7.2%, the impact toughness increases by 12.4% and 17.4%, and the wear resistance increases by 75.74% and 25%.

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Section: Experiments Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Tantalum on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of M2 High‐Speed Steel Prepared by Laser Additive Manufacturing

Wang

Chen

Zhang

2020

steel research int.

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“…Figure 2 shows the X‐ray diffraction spectra of the samples. Qin [ 29 ] and Wang [ 19 ] have shown that the phase composition of M2 HSS formed by laser direct deposition mainly includes martensite, residual austenite, and MXCY carbides. According to the XRD pattern in Figure 2, the M2 HSS in this study also contains these phases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, the substrate was heated to 300 °C, which reduced the temperature gradient between the sample and the substrate during the forming process, thereby reducing the generation of thermal stress and inhibiting the formation of defects such as cracks or fractures. [ 25–30 ] After the sample was formed, it was cut into small specimens of the size required for analysis by electrical discharge machining experiments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Vanadium on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of M2 High‐Speed Steel Prepared by Laser Metal Direct Deposition Forming

Chen

Zhang

2021

steel research int.

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Herein, M2 high‐speed steel containing vanadium is prepared by laser metal direct deposition forming technology, and the effect of vanadium alloying on the microstructure and mechanical properties of M2 HSS is preliminarily explored. Five kinds of M2 HSS samples with different V contents are prepared on substrates of #45 steel. The macromorphology, microstructure, and phase composition of the samples are characterized and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive spectrometry, and X‐ray diffraction. The M2 HSS samples are mainly composed of martensite, residual austenite, and M2C carbides. After adding different proportions of vanadium, because vanadium is a strong carbide forming element, it is easy to combine with carbon to form MC carbide, resulting in the transformation of carbon‐poor matrix from martensite to ferrite, which makes the microhardness of the sample decrease. After alloying with 2, 4, 8, and 12 wt% V, the grain size is significantly refined due to the precipitation of MC carbides at the grain boundaries, which pinned and inhibited the growth of austenite grains. In terms of wear resistance, the amount of wear decreased by 34.41% for the M2 + 2%V sample and increased for the other V‐modified samples relative to M2 HSS. The impact toughness increased by 9.16%, 85.50%, 51.91%, and 25.19%.

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“…A laser-arc hybrid could also be adopted for the welding of 304L stainless steel. This welding technology demonstrated good penetration and a higher welding speed than that of single-arc technology [9,10]. Nevertheless, the assembling process of that experimental system was relatively complex, and many further trial experiments should be conducted Materials 2024, 17,1934 2 of 12 to obtain the optimized couplings [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Welding Gap of Thin Plate Butt Welds on Inherent Strain and Welding Deformation of a Large Complex Box Structure

Zhang,

Peng,

Yang

et al. 2024

Materials

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In this study, an effective numerical model was developed for the calculation of the deformation of laser-welded 3 mm 304L stainless steel plates with different gaps (0.2 mm, 0.5 mm, and 1.0 mm). The welding deformation would become larger when the welding gaps increased, and the largest deformation values along the Z direction, of 4 mm, were produced when the gap value was 1.0 mm. A larger plastic strain region was generated in the location near the weld seam, since higher plastic deformation had occurred. In addition, the tensile stress model was also applied at the plastic strain zone and demonstrated that a larger welding gap led to a wider residual stress area. Based on the above results, inherent deformations for butt and corner joints were calculated according to inherent strain theory, and the welding formation for the complex structure was calculated with different gaps. The numerical results demonstrated that a larger deformation was also produced with a larger welding gap and that it could reach the highest value of 10.1 mm. This proves that a smaller welding gap should be adopted during the laser welding of complex structures to avoid excessive welding deformation.

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Hybrid Laser Arc Welding of X80 Steel: Influence of Welding Speed and Preheating on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties

Cited by 33 publications

References 12 publications

Effect of Tantalum on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of M2 High‐Speed Steel Prepared by Laser Additive Manufacturing

Effect of Tantalum on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of M2 High‐Speed Steel Prepared by Laser Additive Manufacturing

Effect of Vanadium on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of M2 High‐Speed Steel Prepared by Laser Metal Direct Deposition Forming

Effect of Welding Gap of Thin Plate Butt Welds on Inherent Strain and Welding Deformation of a Large Complex Box Structure

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