Hybrid intelligence aspects of programming in *AIDA algorithmic pictures

Abstract

h i g h l i g h t s• Programming in algorithmic pictures is presented.• Programs in pictures are special information resources.• Techniques enhancing comprehension of users apply super-characters with annotations.• Data/knowledge acquisition is based on clusters of different views. • Confidence of users in making decision is based on the previous decisions of others. a b s t r a c tProgramming in algorithmic pictures (a-pictures) is an approach where pictures and moving pictures are used as super-characters for representing features of computational algorithms and data structures. Within this approach some ''data space structures'' are traversed by ''fronts of computation'' and/or some ''units of activity'' are traversed by flows of data. There are compound a-pictures to define algorithmic steps (called Algorithmic CyberFrames) and generic a-pictures to define the contents of compound pictures. Compound a-pictures are assembled into special series to represent some algorithmic features. The series are assembled into an Algorithmic CyberFilm. The generic/compound a-pictures and their series are developed and acquired in special galleries of an open type where supportive pictures of embedded clarity annotations are also included. In this paper, *AIDA (Star-AIDA) modeling/programming language (AIDA stands for Animation and Images to Develop Algorithms) and its Filmification modeling (F-modeling) environment are briefly considered and examples of programs in a-pictures are provided. A special attention is paid to *AIDA programs as special information resources which perception, comprehension and cognition depend on interaction with, at least, a few different but mutually supplementing features of a-pictures. A scheme of data/knowledge acquisition based on clusters of different views and how this acquisition is oriented to enhancing user's ability within works on developing application models, corresponding algorithms and programs, are presented.

Algorithmic Transparency of Large-Scale *AIDA Programs

“…The generic/compound pictures and their series are developed and acquired in special open type galleries where supportive pictures of embedded clarity annotations are also included. Various features and the applicability of the approach for di®erent types of applications can be found in [7][8][9][10][11]. Among these features we would like to emphasize that software components as information resources are applied not only for generating code but also for explaining application algorithms and related models, and that pictures as super-characters (which combine the simplicity and expressiveness of visual and text forms) are applied within text-type expressions.…”

“…Although the usefulness of *AIDA and its environment have been tested numerous times in various case studies, most of those previous studies were related to fundamental algorithms and small-scale simulations with a rather limited number of application functions, operators, and variables involved. A list of 57 algorithms considered in these studies can be found in [7]. Based on these considerations, we realized additional opportunities for enhancing picture-based programming and obtained improved con¯dence in competitiveness with conventional text-based languages.…”

“…The *AIDA (pronounced \star-AIDA") language and its environment have been developed and promoted as a testbed for various innovations in information technology (IT) research and their implementations [7]. (AIDA stands for Animation and Images to Develop Algorithms.)…”