Hybrid input–output life cycle assessment of warm mix asphalt mixtures

Laboratory evaluation on the characteristics and pollutant emissions of nanoclay and chemical warm mix asphalt modified binders

“…In principle, WMA technology could reduce asphalt binder viscosity, which allows the asphalt binder to achieve optimal viscosity for coating with the aggregate. This ensures that the mixing and compaction processes could be done at lower temperatures without adversely affecting its performance when compared to conventional hot-mix asphalt (HMA) [1][2][3][4][5]. Blankendaal et al [6] reported that, by using the life http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.03.068 0950-0618/Ó 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.…”

“…The decrease in temperature difference contribute towards reducing the time required for road construction and thus allows it to be opened to traffic earlier; it also provides a better condition in the construction of certain pavements, such as airport, tunnel, rehabilitation area, and heavy traffic city road [9][10][11]. WMA technology could also extend construction season and reduce the aging process of asphalt binders in terms of oxidation and volatilization [4].…”

A review and comparative assessment of existing approaches to calculate material footprints

“…What theoretically could be tackled as a pure practical issue, however, in reality is a question of approximation of two schools of thought, as the two communities that developed the approaches have evolved independently. As the large number of recent studies on hybrid IO-LCA approaches illustrates (for example, Lindner and Guan, 2014;Onat et al, 2014;Rodríguez-Alloza et al, 2015;Watanabe et al, 2015), these schools recognise the need for convergence and with improved availability and quality of data, the differences between the methodologies may disappear altogether in the medium-to long-term. At this moment in time, however, when applying available data and methods for the calculation of material footprints, these practical issues are relevant and deserve closer attention, as they significantly influence results.…”

A global, scope-based carbon footprint modeling for effective carbon reduction policies: Lessons from the Turkish manufacturing

“…P-LCA is capable of analyzing the environmental impacts of product life cycles with the so-called cradle to grave analysis including raw material extraction and processing, production, transportation, use, and end-oflife (Atilgan and Azapagic, 2014;Azapagic and Clift, 1999;Cuéllar-Franca and Azapagic, 2012;De Benedetto and Klemeš, 2009;Santoyo-Castelazo et al, 2011). However, when working with large-scaled systems such as industrial sectors, Input-Output (I-O) based models can be better approaches than the P-LCA and provide an economy-wide analysis (Dong et al, 2013;Egilmez et al, 2014;Guinee et al, 2010;Kucukvar et al, 2014a,b;Noori et al, 2015;Onat et al, 2014a,b;Park et al, 2015;Rodríguez-Alloza et al, 2014;Wiedmann and Barrett, 2011). This is because P-LCA models involve the limited number of processes without tracing the entire supply chains of products, and the inclusion or exclusion of processes is decided on the basis of subjective choices, which create the so-called system boundary problem (Suh et al, 2004).…”