Hybrid germanium/silica optical fibers for endoscopic delivery of erbium:YAG laser radiation

Chaney, Charles A.; Yang, Yubing; Fried, Nathaniel M.

doi:10.1002/lsm.10249

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Hybrid fibers have been proposed, in order to overcome the limitations associated with bare fibers. Chaney et al employed a hybrid germanium-silica fiber to protect the germanium fiber tip from a damage induced by the strong pulse stone interaction [40,41]. With the hybrid fiber, they were able to deliver one order of magnitude higher pulse energy than the bare germanium oxide fiber.…”

Section: Ablation Volumementioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary calculus fragmentation during Ho: YAG and Er:YAG lithotripsy

et al. 2005

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Background and Objectives: We tested Ho:YAG and Er:YAG laser ablation of human urinary calculi to determine if Er:YAG is a more efficient lithotripsy device. Study Design/Materials and Methods: Ablation efficiency of Ho:YAG and Er:YAG lasers was tested at varying energy settings, ranging from the damage threshold to clinical energy setting associated with Ho:YAG laser. Stones of known composition (calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), cystine, and uric acid (UA)) were irradiated. Crater width, depth, and ablation volumes were determined using an optical coherence tomography (OCT). Results: For all stones and energy settings, the Er:YAG laser produced deeper craters and larger ablation volumes than Ho:YAG laser. The Ho:YAG laser created wider craters during the multiple pulse process and the shape of craters was irregular. Conclusions: The Er:YAG laser is more efficient than the Ho:YAG laser for lithotripsy. The deeper craters produced by the Er:YAG laser is attributed to the high absorption of energy at its wavelength.

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Section: Ablation Volumementioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary calculus fragmentation during Ho: YAG and Er:YAG lithotripsy

et al. 2005

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“…In spite of its advantage over the Ho:YAG laser, the implementation of Er:YAG laser lithotriptor is hindered by the optical delivery system. The germanium and sapphire based fibers had been tested for the endoscopic delivery of Er:YAG laser, however these fiber did not meets the requirement of the endoscopic lithotriptor [62][63][64][65][66]. Because these fibers were too brittle or had low melting temperature, the tip of fibers were not able to sustain the strong thermal/mechanical interaction of the laser and calculus.…”

Section: Trends and Future Direction Of Lasers In Urologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Advent of Laser Therapies in Dermatology and Urology: Underlying Mechanisms, Recent Trends and Future Directions

Lee

Jeong

Chan³

2009

Journal of the Optical Society of Korea

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Following their applications in cardiology, ophthalmology and dentistry among others, the advent of lasers in dermatology and urology had become the success story of the past decade. Laser-assisted treatments in dermatology and urology are mainly based on the laser-induced tissue injury/coagulation and/or ablation, depending upon the desirable clinical endpoint. In this review, we discussed the underlying mechanisms of the laser induced tissue ablation. In any medical laser application, the controlled thermal injury and coagulation, and the extent of ablation, if required, are critical. The laser thermal mechanism of injury is intricately related to the selective absorption of light and its exposure duration, similarly to the laser induced ablation. The laser ablation mechanisms were categorized into four different categories (the photo-thermally induced ablation, the photo-mechanically induced ablation, the plasma induced ablation and the photoablation) and their fundamentals are herein described. The brief history of laser treatment modality in dermatology and urology are summarized.

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“…Fried et al employed a hybrid germanium-silica/germanium-sapphire fiber to protect the germanium fiber tip from a damage induced by the strong pulse tissue interaction [12][13][14]. A similar approach is being pursued using a hollow waveguide with a sealing cap [15].…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Sapphire and Germanium Fibers for Erbium : Yag Lithotripsy

Lee¹,

Yoon²,

Jung³

et al. 2008

Journal of the Optical Society of Korea

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We studied the sapphire and germanium fibers to determine which optical fiber best transmits Erbium:YAG laser for intracorporeal lithotripsy. Human calculi were ablated with an Erbium:YAG laser in contact mode using two fibers. Optical outputs at the distal end of fibers were measured before and after laser lithotripsy. Upon the irradiation on the calculus with the 50 mJ and 100 mJ pulse energy, the output energy at the distal end of germanium fiber declined to approximately 50% of the input energy. For the sapphire fiber, the output energy at the distal end remained unchanged with 100 mJ input energy; however the output energy had dropped to 50% for 200 mJ input energy. In order to examine how the types of target tissue affect the fiber damage, the sapphire fiber was tested for the irradiation on soft tissue and water as well. No energy decline was observed during soft tissue and water irradiation. We also characterized ablation craters with both optical fibers. Both fibers produced similar craters on calculi in terms of depth and diameter. Sapphire fibers are better suited than germanium fibers for Erbium:YAG lithotripsy in terms of the fiber damage.

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Hybrid germanium/silica optical fibers for endoscopic delivery of erbium:YAG laser radiation

Cited by 20 publications

References 18 publications

Urinary calculus fragmentation during Ho: YAG and Er:YAG lithotripsy

Urinary calculus fragmentation during Ho: YAG and Er:YAG lithotripsy

The Advent of Laser Therapies in Dermatology and Urology: Underlying Mechanisms, Recent Trends and Future Directions

Comparison of Sapphire and Germanium Fibers for Erbium : Yag Lithotripsy

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