Hybrid Energy Storage Systems for Renewable Energy Applications

Abstract

The paper gives an overview of the innovative field of hybrid energy storage systems (HESS). An HESS is characterized by a beneficial coupling of two or more energy storage technologies with supplementary operating characteristics (such as energy and power density, self-discharge rate, efficiency, life-time, etc.). The paper briefly discusses typical HESS-applications, energy storage coupling architectures, basic energy management concepts and a principle approach for the power flow decomposition based on peak shaving and double low-pass filtering. Four HESS-configurations, suitable for the application in decentralized PVsystems: a) power-to-heat/battery, b) power-to-heat/battery/hydrogen, c) supercap/battery and d) battery/battery, are briefly discussed. The paper ends with a short description of the HESS-experimental test-bed at Chemnitz University of Technology.

Locating experts and carving out the state of the art: A systematic review on Industry 4.0 and energy system analysis

“…• Participation possible for all CHP sizes 25,36,48,53 Ancillary markets • Provision of automatic primary reserve possible • Low investment costs for participation in primary reserve market 36,48,51,77 Heat market • Participation in high-temperature markets possible • Support of operation of DH by decentralized CHP 36,47,54,59,60 Thermal storages Local heat market • Hot water tanks for central storage 24,34,58,59 Power to gas Ancillary markets • Provision of regulation reserve on annual and hourly markets 69,78 Local heat market • Usage for DH with central hydrogen storage 66 • Low storage losses • High storage capacities [79][80][81][82] • Posing of battery guarantee issues and social burden 63,80,82 • Participation in building energy management systems • Avoidance of investment costs through fleet storage 83,84 • Essential need for wide-spread charging infrastructure • Necessity of "critical mass" of EVs • Further optimization of EV charging required 63,79,83 • Integration of RES through flexible charging demand • Load shifting • Compensation of wind fluctuations 79,82,85-89 90 • Need for standards for software and communication networks • Privacy issues due to data submission 63,79,83 • Voltage control and frequency regulation • Reduction of grid ramp rates • Increase in grid efficiency 79,…”

Control of a Hybrid Energy Storage System for a Hybrid Compensation System

“…A hybrid storage system consists of two or more storage systems with different storage technologies, whose characteristics differ from each other and, given a suitable control, fulfill the desired storage purpose better as a combined system in comparison to a suitably dimensioned single storage system [1,2]. Usually, a short-term storage with high rated power, low capacity, and high standby losses is combined with a long-term stor-age with low rated power, high capacity, and low standby losses.…”

Economic analysis of a hybrid energy storage system based on liquid air and compressed air

“…This is known here as a "series-connected arrangement". It should be noted that hybrid plants where both stores are grid-connected have been proposed [17], e.g., with batteries and supercapacitors [18] and SMES and secondary batteries [19]. These types of systems are known here as "parallel hybrid energy storage systems", and we shall not consider a parallel system here as the available profits from arbitrage can be found by just treating it as two distinct energy stores that happen to be co-located.…”