Hybrid Energy Harvesting Using Electroactive Polymers Combined with Piezoelectric Materials

Cornogolub, Alexandru; Cottinet, Pierre Jean; Petit, Lionel

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.96.117

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…More are outlined in next two sections. Present piezoelectric energy harvesters [55,79] mostly focus on near room temperature applications like wearing the harvestor on the body or putting it on platforms or dance floors. However, harvesting energy from vibrations of high temperature engines is potentially attractive and calls for suitable high temperature piezoelectric materials.…”

Section: Piezoelectric Figures Of Meritmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ferroelectric Materials for High Temperature Piezoelectric Applications

De¹,

Sahu²,

De³

2015

SSP

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Electronic control and operation in almost all advanced devices or machines involve use of various sensors and actuators, many of which are based on piezoelectric (PE) effect. Ferroelectric (FE) materials forming a sub-group of piezoelectric materials have additional applications. Subject to success in materials and related developments, PE and FE devices perform competitively with alternative devices but at lower cost in most cases. There is increasing commercial and technical interest for PE actuators (ranging from electronic muscles, fuel injectors and inkjet printers to various vibrators), PE sensors (pressure and other sensors and motion detection to energy recovery), and ultrasonic imaging devices. PE to non-PE transition temperature (Curie temperature for FE PE materials) and piezoelectric coefficients together decide the choice of the right material for any particular application. Since most of these applications, including medical ultrasonic imaging, are done at or near room temperature, low Curie temperature (but otherwise attractive) piezoelectric materials, based on barium titanate (BT), lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and relaxor ferroelectric ceramics, have served us well. However, a few important applications, in automobile and rocket exhausts, in some engines and gadgets, and inside high pressure molten metal in nuclear Fast Breeder Reactors (FBRs) involve high temperatures (HTs), higher than or nearing the Curie temperature of even PZT. These applications including FBRs, generating nuclear fuel and power, demand development of high temperature piezoelectric materials. FBRs can close the nuclear fuel cycle by partially using the nuclear waste (containing U-238) and thus minimize waste disposal problem. That makes nuclear energy a better green energy. Working on Th-232 from monazite sand, FBRs can breed Th-233, a nuclear fuel, with simultaneous generation of electricity. Ranging and imaging of nuclear fuel rods and control rods through the liquid metal coolant in FBRs, especially during insertion and withdrawal, help correct positioning of the rods to avoid any misalignment and possible nuclear accident. This “viewing” through the optically opaque liquid metal or alloy coolant, is possible by ultrasonic imaging of the rods using HT PE ultrasonic-generators and-detectors, an active area of research. Lithium niobate with T(Curie) > 1000°C and orthorhombic PbNb2O6with T(Curie) > 570°C are two of many HT PE materials under development or in trial runs. In the present work, world-wide R & D on HT piezoelectric materials has been reviewed after an outline of the basics.

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Section: Piezoelectric Figures Of Meritmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ferroelectric Materials for High Temperature Piezoelectric Applications

De¹,

Sahu²,

De³

2015

SSP

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“…This type of electroactive polymers also displays promising levels of performance in scavenging ambient mechanical energy. Therefore the technology has the potential to be an alternative to electromagnetism-based solutions [2,3]. The application mentioned above can result in a decrease in carbon dioxide emissions and consequently contribute to the achievement of the NetZero effect [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shungite is a hard mineral with a compact structure and black color. Its density, depending on the variety, ranges between 2.04 and 2.25 g/cm 3 . Due to the fact that shungite contains nanotubes and fullerenes in its structure, this mineral is highly porous.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of How Graphite and Shungite Affect Thermal, Mechanical, and Dielectric Properties of Dielectric Elastomer-Based Composites

et al. 2021

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The aim of this work involved comparing the effect graphite and shungite have on the properties of dielectric elastomer-based materials. For this reason, dielectric elastomer–Sylgard (S) was filled with 1, 3, 5, 10, and 15 wt.% of graphite (G) and shungite (Sh). The structure of the obtained materials was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The influence of the introduced additives on the thermal stability of the obtained composites was evaluated using thermogravimetry. Moreover, the mechanical properties and the dielectric constant of the elastomer with an addition of graphite and shungite were determined. Obtained results allowed us to establish that the presence of graphite as well as shungite significantly influences mechanical as well as dielectric properties. Additionally, the optimum mass of additives, allowing to increase the dielectric constant without the significant decrease of strain at break, was indicated. In the case of materials containing graphite, regardless of the filler content (1–15 wt.%), the mechanical as well as the dielectric properties are improved, while in the case of composites with an addition of shungite exceeding the 5 wt.% of filler content, a reduced tensile strength was observed.

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“…As polymers, they have many advantages including mechanical flexibility, low density, as well as being easy to process, and mass produce. In addition to their mechanical response to electricity, some of the EAP materials also exhibit the ability to sense mechanical strain and to harvest electrical energy from it (e.g., [3,27,28,75,118,119,121]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroactive polymer (EAP) actuators—background review

2019

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Certain polymers can be excited by electric, chemical, pneumatic, optical, or magnetic field to change their shape or size. For convenience and practical actuation, using electrical excitation is the most attractive stimulation method and the related materials are known as electroactive polymers (EAP) and artificial muscles. One of the attractive applications that are considered for EAP materials is biologically inspired capabilities, i.e., biomimetics, and successes have been reported that previously were considered science fiction concepts. Today, there are many known EAP materials. Some of the EAP materials also exhibit the reverse effect of converting mechanical strain to electrical signal allowing using them as sensors and energy harvesters. Efforts are made worldwide to turn EAP materials to actuators-of-choice and they involve developing their scientific and engineering foundations including the understanding of their operation principles. These are also involve developing effective computational chemistry models, comprehensive material science, and electro-mechanics analytical tools. These efforts have been leading to better understanding the parameters that control their capability and durability. Moreover, effective processing techniques are developed for their fabrication, shaping, electroding, and characterization. While progress have been reported in the research and development of all the types of EAP materials, the trend in recent years has been growing towards significant development in using dielectric elastomers.These characteristics are making them highly attractive for use in muscle-like actuators. Some are biologically inspired (i.e., biomimetic applications) [8,9,11], and all can function without hard metallic gears and mechanisms. Examples of the applications of EAP actuators include a polypyrrole fish [71], ionic polymer-metal composite robot fish [23], miniature dielectric elastomer grippers for satellites [5], ionic conductor loudspeakers [51], an electrostrictive polymer catheter [35], a haptic interface [32], active braille displays [9], a fish-like blimp [45], static electric rotary motors [3], worm-like robots [46], a crawling robot with no hard electronics [42], facial animatronic devices [11], optical devices [107], biomedical devices, microfluidic devices, and even a wearable device to assist eyelid blinking [103]. The impressive improvements in the field [52,68] are increasingly attracting the interest of engineers and scientists from many different disciplines.Many EAP actuators are still emerging and need further advancement in order for them to form part of mass-produced products. This requires the use of computational chemistry models, comprehensive material science, electro-mechanic analytical tools, and material processing research. To maximize their actuation capability and durability, effective fabrication, shaping, and electroding techniques are being developed. In addition, techniques of characterizing their response as well as documenting them in databases and related ...

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Hybrid Energy Harvesting Using Electroactive Polymers Combined with Piezoelectric Materials

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Ferroelectric Materials for High Temperature Piezoelectric Applications

Ferroelectric Materials for High Temperature Piezoelectric Applications

Comparison of How Graphite and Shungite Affect Thermal, Mechanical, and Dielectric Properties of Dielectric Elastomer-Based Composites

Electroactive polymer (EAP) actuators—background review

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