Hybrid electromagnetic suspension for high-speed vacuum transport

Grebennikov, Nikolay; Kireev, Alexander; Kozhemyaka, Nikolay; Kononov, Gennady N.

doi:10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i1.pp74-82

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This would imply a very low energy consumption due to electromagnetic drag. However, EMS needs excitation power to operate its electromagnets and large currents to generate high magnetic fields, but hybrid excitation is proposed as an energy-saving strategy [33]. Moreover, by replacing the conventional electromagnet, the EMS can be configured with superconducting coils [34], [35], which can greatly improve the magnetic strength, especially at high air gap heights.…”

Section: A Electro-magnetic Suspension (Ems)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In eqs. (33) and (34), F thrust is the needed forward thrust force to overcome the magnetic drag (F drag ) and the air drag (F aero ), m the total mass of the vehicle, c D (or F drag /F lif t ) the drag-to-lift ratio [predicted in eqs. (31) and 40 During the acceleration zone, additional traction power will be needed, according to…”

Section: Hyperloop Propulsion Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It could be configured without PMs [84], but then the field windings have to provide all the excitation for the LSM, as well the levitation force of the EMS. The H-EMS can be strategically designed to make the PMs take care of the primary suspension, whereas the current in the field windings can be used for air gap height control [33]. As already mentioned, such an approach can save energy consumption as the magnetic drag is low when the track is sufficiently laminated.…”

Section: A Lcs: Lightweight Capsule Solution (Lp-lsm+h-ems)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lightweight capsule solution (LCS): A complete LP-LSM EPS and hybrid EMS levitation[33],[85], intended for the HTS with separate lateral EMS guidance. a) Magnetic levitation view.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prospects and Challenges of the Hyperloop Transportation System: A Systematic Technology Review

Nøland

2021

IEEE Access

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The present article outlines the core technologies needed to realize the Hyperloop transportation system (HTS). Currently, the HTS vacuum tube train concept is viewed as the fastest way to cross the earth's surface. However, the concept has not yet been demonstrated for subsonic or near-sonic speeds in large-scale implementations. Among the challenging technical areas are the tube's depressurization, the capsule's air resistance, and choked flows occurring around the capsule. There is also a need for effective levitation and propulsion solutions compatible with the velocities being proposed. Moreover, several conflicting objectives have been identified in the HTS design. It is highlighted that the tubes should be wide enough to lower the capsule's drag forces but that a large-sized tube comes at the expense of higher operational energy costs and infrastructure investments. Another struggle is aiming at a low-cost passive track design and, and at the same time, a lightweight vehicle. One technical path is to turn the whole guideway into an electric propulsor, arriving at a 'lightweight capsule solution' (LCS). Alternatively, the vehicle could be transformed into a 'modified airplane' that stores massive amounts of onboard energy, yielding an energy-autonomous 'low infrastructure solution' (LIS). In a case study, it is shown that even LIS technology is compatible with short-haul flights (1500 km) but that it requires an energy reservoir of about 30 % of the capsule's overall mass. Results and discussions presented in this paper are supported by analytical predictions with parameters or input data either supported by referred simulations or experiments. In general, the paper aims to open up the discussion, provide a sufficient understanding of the Hyperloop field's multidisciplinary aspects, and establish a foundation for further investigations. In the end, new research tasks have been defined, which have the potential to go beyond the state of current knowledge.

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Section: A Electro-magnetic Suspension (Ems)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hyperloop Propulsion Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Lcs: Lightweight Capsule Solution (Lp-lsm+h-ems)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lightweight capsule solution (LCS): A complete LP-LSM EPS and hybrid EMS levitation[33],[85], intended for the HTS with separate lateral EMS guidance. a) Magnetic levitation view.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prospects and Challenges of the Hyperloop Transportation System: A Systematic Technology Review

Nøland

2021

IEEE Access

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“…The EMS works with magnetic forces giving a lower levitation of about 10-20 mm above the guideway [11]. Optimization solutions have been recently reported using hybrid options (H-EMS) [114,115] or high-temperature superconductivity (HTS-EMS) [116,117].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hyperloop System and Stakeholders: A Review and Future Directions

et al. 2021

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The hyperloop is an innovative land transport mode for passengers and freight that travels at ultra-high speeds. Lately, different stakeholders have been engaged in the research and development of hyperloop components. The novelty of the hyperloop necessitates certain directions to be followed toward the development and testing of its technological components as well the formation of regulations and planning processes. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive literature review of hyperloop publications to record the current state of progress of hyperloop components, including the pod, the infrastructure, and the communication system, and identify involved EU stakeholders. Blending this information results in future directions. An online search of English-based publications was performed to finally consider 107 studies on the hyperloop and identify 81 stakeholders in the EU. The analysis shows that the hyperloop-related activities are almost equally distributed between Europe (39%) and Asia (38%), and the majority of EU stakeholders are located in Spain (26%) and Germany (20%), work on the traction of the pod (37%) and the tube (28%), and study impacts including safety (35%), energy (33%), and cost (30%). Existing tube systems and testing facilities for the hyperloop lack full-scale tracks, which creates a hurdle for the testing and development of the hyperloop system. The presented analysis and findings provide a holistic assessment of the hyperloop system and its stakeholders and suggest future directions to develop a successful transport system.

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