Hybrid Electric Vehicles - Technology Evolution and Experience with Brazilian Gasolines E25

Colnago, Kenyo; Melo, Tadeu Cavalcante Cordeiro de; Fadel, Fernando Elias de Freitas

doi:10.4271/2010-01-1442

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 8 publications

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“…We determine the vehicle efficiency effect of ethanol by compiling paired energy efficiency data from all known studies of existing SI-engine vehicles operating on ethanol/gasoline blends and pure gasoline. − The statistical analysis is based on those studies that tested both ethanol/gasoline blends (with nominal ethanol volume no less than 5%) and gasoline on the same vehicle models under comparable real-world driving conditions or over the same standard drive cycles on a dynamometer, excluding tests on fuel/vehicle combinations that are not in actual use (e.g., regular gasoline vehicles on blends higher than E20). Tests under different controlled conditions (e.g., different ambient temperatures and accumulated vehicle mileages) and on fuels of different targeted properties (e.g., distillation characteristics and vapor pressures) were considered individually.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ethanol on Vehicle Energy Efficiency and Implications on Ethanol Life-Cycle Greenhouse Gas Analysis

Yan

Inderwildi

King

et al. 2013

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Bioethanol is the world's largest-produced alternative to petroleum-derived transportation fuels due to its compatibility within existing spark-ignition engines and its relatively mature production technology. Despite its success, questions remain over the greenhouse gas (GHG) implications of fuel ethanol use with many studies showing significant impacts of differences in land use, feedstock, and refinery operation. While most efforts to quantify life-cycle GHG impacts have focused on the production stage, a few recent studies have acknowledged the effect of ethanol on engine performance and incorporated these effects into the fuel life cycle. These studies have broadly asserted that vehicle efficiency increases with ethanol use to justify reducing the GHG impact of ethanol. These results seem to conflict with the general notion that ethanol decreases the fuel efficiency (or increases the fuel consumption) of vehicles due to the lower volumetric energy content of ethanol when compared to gasoline. Here we argue that due to the increased emphasis on alternative fuels with drastically differing energy densities, vehicle efficiency should be evaluated based on energy rather than volume. When done so, we show that efficiency of existing vehicles can be affected by ethanol content, but these impacts can serve to have both positive and negative effects and are highly uncertain (ranging from -15% to +24%). As a result, uncertainties in the net GHG effect of ethanol, particularly when used in a low-level blend with gasoline, are considerably larger than previously estimated (standard deviations increase by >10% and >200% when used in high and low blends, respectively). Technical options exist to improve vehicle efficiency through smarter use of ethanol though changes to the vehicle fleets and fuel infrastructure would be required. Future biofuel policies should promote synergies between the vehicle and fuel industries in order to maximize the society-wise benefits or minimize the risks of adverse impacts of ethanol.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ethanol on Vehicle Energy Efficiency and Implications on Ethanol Life-Cycle Greenhouse Gas Analysis

Yan

Inderwildi

King

et al. 2013

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Bio-eletrificação - Desenvolvimento de um Veículo Elétrico com Módulo de Extensão de Autonomia a Etanol com uso de um Compacto Motor à Combustão.

Weissinger¹

2021

Blucher Engineering Proceedings

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Electrical vehicles are experiencing a fast-paced demand worldwide driven by a quest for improved energy efficiency and Zero Emissions targets for vehicles mainly in cities. Nowadays, we are facing an increase of electrification in a short period of time, leading to a high demand for hybrid powertrains as well as battery electric vehicles (BEV). If there is not enough charging infrastructure available, actions for the BEV should be applied to avoid the user's "range anxiety", which can be an additional battery capacity, thus increasing the cost and weight in proportion to the requested range. An alternative to this matter is the so-called Range Extender (REx), a hybrid powertrain architecture that increases the range via an internal combustion engine (ICE), which also increases the cost and weight, but with higher energy density. AVL South America in partnership with Aeronautics Institute of Technology (ITA) and companies FURNAS and SEFAC, presents in this paper the first plug-in hybrid vehicle developed in Brazil with an ethanol Range extender. This bio-electrification concept is under development with functional prototypes within the Project registered with the code PD-00394-1910 / 2019 which belongs to the R&D program regulated by ANEEL. In this present work it Casts light on the benefits in emission reduction from an electric vehicle equipped with an ethanol ICE Range extender. The internal combustion engine is developed to have the optimum overall efficiency of the ethanol combustion, allowing the extension of the vehicle's range. Moreover, a significant reduction of carbon dioxide emissions of 73% was achieved when compared the E100 engine to the original petrol version range extender.The ICE efficiency is improved through innovative technologies, which can be applied independently or in combination. The main motivation of this application is the use of energy sources with low environmental impact, among them the electric energy mostly coming from renewable sources in Brazil and the biofuel ethanol, which provides carbon dioxide absorption during the sugarcane cultivation cycle.

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Hybrid Electric Vehicles - Technology Evolution and Experience with Brazilian Gasolines E25

Cited by 2 publications

References 8 publications

Effects of Ethanol on Vehicle Energy Efficiency and Implications on Ethanol Life-Cycle Greenhouse Gas Analysis

Effects of Ethanol on Vehicle Energy Efficiency and Implications on Ethanol Life-Cycle Greenhouse Gas Analysis

Bio-eletrificação - Desenvolvimento de um Veículo Elétrico com Módulo de Extensão de Autonomia a Etanol com uso de um Compacto Motor à Combustão.

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