Hybrid-electric passenger car energy utilization and emissions: Relationships for real-world driving conditions that account for road grade

Abstract

Road TypeCharacter NA City, Highway and Arterial ROAD Group Character NA Freeway Rural and Urban (combines Urban I and Urban II of "Road_Section") Facility & Vehicle Character NA concatenates Road Type and Vehicle Linkname Character NA Name of road with number to denote links between intersections (signalized or not) REC_CHAINAGE Continuous meters Number of meters along driving route REC_GRADE Continuous % road grade as measured by ARAN van, interpolated and infilled based on vehicle heading Fuel Consumption (mL/sec) Continuous mL/sec Volumetric fuel consumption rate in mL/sec Grade_percent Continuous % Road grade as measured by ARAN van, interpolated and infilled based on vehicle heading Grade_Bin Categorical (Nominal) % Bins of 1 % based on rounding Grade_percent E_CO2_gPsec Continuous g/sec Emission rate of CO2 in grams per second PNER_numberPsec Continuous #/sec Particle number emission rate (PNER) in number of particles per second, based on sum of EEPS channels (5.6-562 nm)

Evaluation of Real-World Fuel Consumption of Hybrid-Electric Passenger Car Based on Speed-Specific Vehicle Power Distributions

“…For example, Zhai optimizes an emission model for hybrid vehicles based on VSP and ICE speed setting rules for identifying ICE-on/ICE-of [21]. Robinson introduced a variable to portray the power-split relationship between the electric motor and the internal combustion engine to improve the hybrid vehicle CO 2 emission measurement method and verifed that considering the road grade in VSP can accurately modeling vehicle emissions [1]. Meanwhile, the VSP demand distribution for hybrid vehicles involves the vehicle powertrain, and there are three common types of HEVs according to their powertrain confgurations: series hybrids, parallel hybrids, and serie--parallel hybrids [22].…”

“…Depending on whether fuel consumption and exhaust emissions are generated, the HEV state includes the electric drive mode and hybrid drive mode, where the ICE is turned of in the electric drive mode, and no fuel consumption or exhaust emissions are generated. Considering the fuel consumption levels, the hybrid drive mode is divided into two states, power recovery and electric drive assist, according to the series parallel design and the purpose of ICE operation [1]. Terefore, this study divides the HEV state into three ICE operating modes, as shown in Figure 2.…”

“…HEVs select to use two power sources depending on driving conditions, including a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) and a highvoltage battery. Powering by the battery reduces the demand for ICE operation to reduce fuel consumption and lower exhaust emissions [1]. HEVs generally consume 20-30% less fuel than CVs on urban roads, with the improvement being more pronounced on urban roads than highways [2].…”

Vehicle Emission Models and Traffic Simulators: A Review

“…Microscale models usually have a recording resolution of 1s. To date, several microscale models have been developed that are based both on vehicle exploration parameters, such as engine power, and vehicle speed [81].…”

A Data-Driven Framework for Driving Cycle Generation and Analysis

“…The electrification of the powertrain in HEVs has been proven to reduce emissions, especially CO 2 [8]. However, during internal combustion engine (ICE) restart periods in HEVs, the cooling exhaust system can lead to high NOx, carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions [9]. As well as HEVs, EVs have recently gained much attention, and they are becoming part of the transport sector as some countries announced their plan for the transition to zero vehicle use by 2035 [10,11].…”