Hybrid Cooling Method of Axial-Flux Permanent-Magnet Machines for Vehicle Applications

Combined Model for Simulating the Effect of Transients on a Damaged Rotor Cage

“…Thus, for these cases a cost-effective solution is adding another electrical motor to independently move the fan. This arrangement allows providing an external air flow to increase cooling, although internally, along the airgap and around the end windings, heat transmission is not improved [4,5]. Nevertheless, in several applications and motor configurations an independent cooling subsystem cannot be arranged.…”

Optimization of Offshore Direct Drive Wind Turbine Generators With Consideration of Permanent Magnet Grade and Temperature

“…The volumetric cooling air flow is varied to determine the required air flow to cool down the magnet temperature from 120°C to 80°C. This varying cooling air flow, qvc varies the temperature rise of the cooling duct, which can be represented as equivalent thermal resistance, Rth,cool given in [5], th,cool = 1 vc c thc (4) where ρc is the density and kthc is the specific heat capacity of the cooling air. Fig.…”

“…The BH characteristics of PM materials are temperature dependent, so cooling them improves the effective remanent flux density. The heat circulation from the stator windings and iron cores to the rotor where permanent magnets are mounted should make minimum as the magnet materials are temperature sensitive [4]. In most direct drive generators, I 2 R losses dominate.…”

“…Alexandrova et al manage the losses of the stator winding due to joule heating by internal direct liquid cooling [6]. Others have looked at different cooling methods and coolants [4], [7], [8]. During an optimization processes, authors often assume that the winding and magnet temperatures are constant, e.g.…”

A Fast Analytic Model of Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Machines with Static/Dynamic Axis Eccentricity

“…), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) [2], and flywheel energy storage systems (FESSs) [3]. However, in manufacturing, the contact area between the rotor and shaft is relatively small, which predisposes it to eccentricities such as angular and misalignment eccentricities.…”