Hybrid composites - State-of-the-art review: Analysis, design, application and fabrication

Chamis, Christos C.; Lark, R. F.

doi:10.2514/6.1977-415

Cited by 27 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The hybrid strength in this mode is disappeared as the number of plies increased beyond about 15, or at very high or low fiber volume fractions, when the observed and predicted moduli tended to a rule of mixtures value. Chamis and Lark (1977) have shown that fair agreement can be obtained between measured values of the flexural modulus and those calculated by the formula _ 1 f 3 3…”

Section: Other Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 79%

Halpin–Tsai Equations

Holt

1994

Concise Encyclopedia of Composite Materials

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Section: Other Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 79%

Halpin–Tsai Equations

Holt

1994

Concise Encyclopedia of Composite Materials

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“…Any uncertainty in this regard results in underutilization of material properties by way of using a large margin of safety in actual design. It is well known that moisture and temperature degrade the performance of organic matrix composites such as graphite, Kevlar and boron reinforced epoxy [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Similar data for hybrid composites are very limited in literature [14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Moisture and Temperature Induced Degradation in Tensile Properties of Kevlar-Graphite/Epoxy Hybrid Composites

Haque

Mahmood

Walker

et al. 1991

Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites

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This paper presents results of a comparative study of the effects of moisture and temperature on tensile properties of Kevlar 49/epoxy, graphite/epoxy, single fiber and Kevlar 49-graphite/epoxy hybrid composites. The work reported here shows variations in tensile strength, elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio with changes in the hygrothermal conditions. A temperature range of 23°C to 150°C was considered for both dry and wet specimens exposed to moisture for 200 days. Moisture was introduced into the specimen by immersion in distilled water. Effects of the kind of outer fiber of the same hybrid system was also studied for better understanding of the behavior of hybrid composites. Variation in the tensile modulus determined by various test methods is also reported.The results indicate that moisture and temperature degrade the tensile strength of hybrid and single fiber composites. The tensile modulus of Kevlar 49-graphite/epoxy is comparatively higher than that of Kevlar 49/epoxy. The degradation of the tensile modulus is mostly temperature dependent. The presence of moisture either increases or decreases the tensile modulus depending upon the laminate and exposure conditions. Poisson's ratio in general appears to increase with temperature. In the presence of moisture the Poisson's ratio further increases between the temperatures of 45°C to 150°C.

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“…This indicates improved characteristics of their cohesive strength in comparison with other composites under investigation, which is primarily due to the upgrading of the properties of materials thanks to the use of layers of cloths of different types (glass and basalt cloths). In [10] it was proved that the formation of interlayer hybrid materials, i.e., those containing layers of cloths or fibers of different nature, contributes to considerable increase in the strength of CMs through synergistic effect. This effect is accounted for by increase in the stiffness of the composite layers particularly remote from the axial plane of material and is caused by change in the occurrence of physical processes in the structure formation of materials filled with cloths of different nature.…”

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confidence: 99%

A study of creep of epoxy composites with continuous fibers and modified fine filler in aggressive media

Букетов¹,

Stukhlyak²,

Levyts’kyi³

et al. 2011

Strength Mater

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The effect of the modification of a fine filler with an epoxy oligomer and compositions by ultraviolet irradiation on the creep of materials filled with basalt and glass cloths under the influence of aggressive media has been studied. It has been found that to reduce the creep of materials, two-layer epoxy composite "hybrid" materials containing glass and basalt cloths must be used. In order to improve the performance of composites, an ultraviolet-irradiated epoxy binder containing epoxy-oligomer-modified fine filler particles must be used as an interlayer.Introduction. One of the most important physicomechanical properties of epoxy composite materials (CM) and protective coatings based on them is creep under the influence of static and dynamic loads during the operation of basic equipment. The creep of materials is much enhanced by their exposure to aggressive media. It has been found that the properties of materials can be improved, and hence their creep under the influence of static and cyclic loads and temperature gradient can be reduced by using "hybrid" epoxy composites with continuous fibers, which have different physical nature, and cloths based on them [1]. Hybrid CMs with fibers regularly alternating in one layer of material (or each composite layer is formed with cloths of different type contained in it) are mainly used in the formation of composites with improved physicomechanical properties [1]. Note that glass, basalt, carbon, boron and metallic fibers or cloths are most frequently used in the formation of such composites and protective coatings based on them.The choice of oligomer binder is important in the formation of materials with improved performance, including those with low creep characteristics. It has been found that the use of an epoxy matrix upgrades the adhesion and cohesion properties of CMs, which mainly determine the performance in the case of the long-term use of coatings [2]. Moreover, it has been shown that to improve cohesive strength, fine fillers, which are previously modified with epoxy oligomer, must be added to the binder [3]. This surface modification of filler enhances its interaction with oligomer binder macromolecules. Later on, the treatment of epoxy compositions with modified particles with external energy fields, including ultraviolet irradiation (UVI), forms active radicals in oligomer, which improves interaction at the interface near the filler surface. In this case, a material with improved cohesion properties is formed; it is expedient to use it as an interlayer between cloths for hybrid CMs of different types. This makes it possible to reduce the creep of composites in the case of their use in aggressive media.Thus, the formation of the layer that is nearer to the substrate with damping and relaxation characteristics is important in the creation of two-layer coatings. In this case, the outer layer can perform other functions: corrosion resistance, wear resistance, thermal or heat conductivity, etc.The aim of the work is to study the effect of modifying fine fille...

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Hybrid composites - State-of-the-art review: Analysis, design, application and fabrication

Cited by 27 publications

References 4 publications

Halpin–Tsai Equations

Halpin–Tsai Equations

Moisture and Temperature Induced Degradation in Tensile Properties of Kevlar-Graphite/Epoxy Hybrid Composites

A study of creep of epoxy composites with continuous fibers and modified fine filler in aggressive media

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