“…Nevertheless, the existing collaborative caching approaches in MANETs have drawbacks in term of achieving low hit ratio, high delay due to a number of pending queries. This is a consequence of serving queries based on hop by hop forwarding as in Artail et al (2008) , Cao, Yin & Das (2004) , Chand, Joshi & Misra (2007a) , Chand, Joshi & Misra (2007b) , Du & Gupta (2005) , Umamaheswari & Radhamani (2015) , Abbani & Artail (2015) , El Khawaga, Saleh & Ali (2016) , Ting & Chang (2013) , Larbi, Bouallouche-Medjkoune & Aissani (2018) and Delvadia & Dutta (2022) , and broadcast or flooding messages as in Denko (2007) , Du, Gupta & Varsamopoulos (2009) , Tian & Denko (2007) , Ting & Chang (2007) , Chand, Joshi & Misra (2007b) and Krishnan et al. (2021) .…”