Hybrid and Synthetic FRP Composites under Different Strain Rates: A Review

Nejad, Ali Farokhi; Salim, Mohamad Yusuf Bin; Koloor, Seyed Saeid Rahimian; Petřík, Stanislav; Yahya, Mohd Yazid; Hassan, Shukur Abu; Shah, Mohd Kamal Mohd

doi:10.3390/polym13193400

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 216 publications

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“…Composites made out of fiber‐reinforced polymers (FRP) have been more useful in a wide variety of high‐tech fields, including the energy business, automobile industry, aerospace industry, marine industries, and many others, [ 1–6 ] during the last several decades, because of their superior features, such as specific strength, high crashworthiness capability, and strong fatigue resistance. FRP composites are commonly viewed as softening materials, [ 7,8 ] meaning that they display increasing (localized) deformations together with a reduction in load‐carrying ability after reaching their maximum load‐carrying capacity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of fiber areal density on mechanical behavior of basalt fiber/epoxy composites under varying loading rates: An experimental and statistical approach

2023

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The stress–strain characteristics and failure behavior of composites are strain rate dependent and affected by the fiber areal density. To elucidate the combined influence of areal density and strain rate on the strength of basalt fiber‐reinforced polymer composites (BFRP), an experimental study was conducted on BFRP laminates of two different fiber areal densities, that is, 380 GSM and 200 GSM, having distinct stacking sequence under three different loading rates. Failure modes, failure strength, and Weibull parameters were used to characterize the experimental outcomes. The experiment was carried out to investigate the mechanical responses and associated failure modes at strain rates ranging from quasi‐static 0.1 mm/min to a high strain rate of 10 mm/min. It has been demonstrated that there is a substantial correlation between the fiber areal density, loading rate, and stacking order of BFRP laminates and the increase in maximum flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength. For an increase in the fiber areal density from 200 GSM to 380 GSM flexural strength is increased by 18%–30%, while ILSS strength is increased by 30%–52%. Based on the finding, the asymmetric type‐2 laminate exhibits better properties than the symmetric and asymmetric type‐1 laminates due to the presence of more (0°/90°) laminae at the tensile side of the laminate. Inferring the mechanical characteristics of composite materials and their relationship to strain rate from experimental data required a statistical technique. The statistical analysis and experimental findings demonstrate that the shape parameter and linear coefficient are not reliant on the strain rate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of fiber areal density on mechanical behavior of basalt fiber/epoxy composites under varying loading rates: An experimental and statistical approach

2023

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“…Several studies have been carried out to enhance the impact resistance capability of composite structures subjected to different strain rates [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Some researchers show that designing appropriate composite laminates will lead to a composite tube with progressive collapse capability that makes it better than conventional metallic tubes in terms of specific energy absorption (SEA) [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hybrid materials with diverse properties combined with the main components, provide the perfect synergy of properties that enhance the structural behaviour and lead to an end product with superb features [ 14 , 15 ]. In fibrous composites, fibre hybridization is a way to improve material properties and general toughness, in which two or more fibres are combined as a reinforcement in the polymer matrix [ 6 , 16 ]. Different kinds of synthetic fibres have been made for several applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Aramid/Kevlar fibres are weak against humidity and UV radiation. Moreover, using Kevlar for general applications, e.g., passenger’s car crash boxes is not a good choice regarding availability and cost [ 6 ]. Carbon fibre is a well-known synthetic fibre that has excellent mechanical and electrical conductivity, high fatigue strength, and corrosion resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crashworthiness Assessment of Carbon/Glass Epoxy Hybrid Composite Tubes Subjected to Axial Loads

et al. 2022

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The crashworthiness of composite tubes is widely examined for various types of FRP composites. However, the use of hybrid composites potentially enhances the material characteristics under impact loading. In this regard, this study used a combination of unidirectional glass–carbon fibre reinforced epoxy resin as the hybrid composite tube fabricated by the pultrusion method. Five tubes with different length aspect ratios were fabricated and tested, in which the results demonstrate “how structural energy absorption affects by increasing the length of tubes”. Crash force efficiency was used as the criterion to show that the selected L/D are acceptable of crash resistance with 95% efficiency. Different chamfering shapes as the trigger mechanism were applied to the tubes and the triggering effect was examined to understand the impact capacity of different tubes. A finite element model was developed to evaluate different crashworthiness indicators of the test. The results were validated through a good agreement between experimental and numerical simulations. The experimental and numerical results show that hybrid glass/carbon tubes accomplish an average 25.34 kJ/kg specific energy absorption, average 1.43 kJ energy absorption, average 32.43 kN maximum peak load, and average 96.67% crash force efficiency under quasi-static axial loading. The results show that selecting the optimum trigger mechanism causes progressive collapse and increases the specific energy absorption by more than 35%.

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“…The weight reduction (lightweight) of automotive structures can be attained by utilizing composite materials ranging from carbon-reinforced plastic (CFRP) composite to glass fiber-reinforced plastics (GFRP) composite [ 9 , 10 ]. Such materials provide less weight than metals including iron, steel, and aluminum which dominate the automotive industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lightweight Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite for Automotive Bumper Applications: A Review

et al. 2022

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The enhancement of fuel economy and the emission of greenhouse gases are the key growing challenges around the globe that drive automobile manufacturers to produce lightweight vehicles. Additionally, the reduction in the weight of the vehicle could contribute to its recyclability and performance (for example crashworthiness and impact resistance). One of the strategies is to develop high-performance lightweight materials by the replacement of conventional materials such as steel and cast iron with lightweight materials. The lightweight composite which is commonly referred to as fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP) composite is one of the lightweight materials to achieve fuel efficiency and the reduction of CO2 emission. However, the damage of FRP composite under impact loading is one of the critical factors which affects its structural application. The bumper beam plays a key role in bearing sudden impact during a collision. Polymer composite materials have been abundantly used in a variety of applications such as transportation industries. The main thrust of the present paper deals with the use of high-strength glass fibers as the reinforcing member in the polymer composite to develop a car bumper beam. The mechanical performance and manufacturing techniques are discussed. Based on the literature studies, glass fiber-reinforced composite (GRP) provides more promise in the automotive industry compared to conventional materials such as car bumper beams.

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Hybrid and Synthetic FRP Composites under Different Strain Rates: A Review

Cited by 17 publications

References 216 publications

Influence of fiber areal density on mechanical behavior of basalt fiber/epoxy composites under varying loading rates: An experimental and statistical approach

Influence of fiber areal density on mechanical behavior of basalt fiber/epoxy composites under varying loading rates: An experimental and statistical approach

Crashworthiness Assessment of Carbon/Glass Epoxy Hybrid Composite Tubes Subjected to Axial Loads

Lightweight Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite for Automotive Bumper Applications: A Review

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