Hybodont sharks from the Jurassic of Jaisalmer, western India

A new hybodontiform shark (Strophodus Agassiz 1838) from the Lower Cretaceous (Valanginian-Hauterivian) of Colombia

“…Strophodus recognized species.—Based on the list presented by Stumpf, Meng & Kriwet (2022) and the species recognized by Szabó & Főzy (2020) , Kumar et al (2022) , and Sharma & Singh (2021) , Strophodus is represented by at least 12 species, which in stratigraphic order include: (1) S. cf. reticulatus Agassiz, 1838 from the Middle Triassic of Switzerland (see Rieppel, 1981 ) and S. reticulatus from the Bathonian–Tithonian of England, France, Germany, Hungary and Switzerland (see Stumpf, Meng & Kriwet, 2022 and references therin); (2) S. smithwoodwardi ( Peyer, 1946 ) from the Toarcian of Switzerland; (3) S. dunaii ( Szabó & Főzy (2020) , from the Aalenian of Hungary; (4) S. tenuis Agassiz, 1838 from Aalenian–Bathonian strata of Germany and England ( Rees & Underwood, 2008 ); (5) S. longidens ( Agassiz, 1838 ) (type species) from the Bathonian of France; (6) S. magnus ( Agassiz, 1838 ) from the Bathonian of England, France and India ( Rees & Underwood, 2008 ; Sharma & Singh, 2021 ; Rigal & Cuny, 2016 ); (7) S. indicus ( Sharma & Singh, 2021 ) from the Bathonian of India; (8) S. jaisalmerensis ( Kumar et al, 2022 ) from the Bathonian of India; (9) S. medius ( Owen, 1869 ) from the Bathonian–Callovian of France, England and India ( Rees & Underwood, 2008 ; Sharma & Singh, 2021 ); (10) S . subreticulatus ( Agassiz, 1838 ) from the Kimmeridgian of Switzerland; (11) S .…”

“…Differential diagnosis .—Following Stumpf et al (2021) , species based on teeth and previously assigned to the genus Asteracanthus , but possibly referable to Strophodus are considered here for comparisons. Assuming this, we compare our specimens from Colombia with the at least 12 recognized Strophodus species from the Jurassic of Europe and India ( Rees & Underwood, 2008 ; Szabó & Főzy, 2020 ; Kumar et al, 2022 ; Sharma & Singh, 2021 ; Stumpf, Meng & Kriwet, 2022 ). In this regard, our new species from the Lower Cretacaous of Colombia can be distinguished from the following European and Asian species by the differences presented below.…”

“…As previously referenced in the differential diagnosis section, anterolateral and lateral teeth of Strophodus rebecae sp. nov., can be differentiated from at least 12 Strophodus species recognized from the Jurassic of Asia and Europe ( Agassiz, 1838 ; Peyer, 1946 ; Goto, Kuga & Hachiya, 1991 ; Michelis et al, 1996 ; Rees & Underwood, 2008 ; Citton et al, 2019 ; Szabó & Főzy, 2020 ; Kumar et al, 2022 ; Sharma & Singh, 2021 ; Stumpf, Meng & Kriwet, 2022 , and references therein). In reference to ?…”

“…), its record is relatively scarce in comparison to those from the Jurassic ( e.g. , Yabe, 1902 ; Priem, 1907 ; Peyer, 1946 ; Goto, Kuga & Hachiya, 1991 ; Goto, Uyeno & Yabumoto, 1996 ; Cuny, Suteethorn & Kamha, 2005 ; Cuny et al, 2007 ; Cuny et al, 2009 ; Cuny et al, 2014 ; Rees & Underwood, 2008 ; Vincent et al, 2013 ; Rigal & Cuny, 2016 ; Romano et al, 2018 ; Wills et al, 2019 ; Szabó & Főzy, 2020 ; Kumar et al, 2022 ; Sharma & Singh, 2021 ), and references therein). Most of the Strophodus records from the Cretaceous have been reported as indeterminate species from the Valanginian-Albian range of Europe, including England ( Batchelor & Ward, 1990 ), France ( Priem, 1912 ; Guinot, Cappetta & Adnet, 2014 ), and Switzerland ( Pictet & Campiche, 1858 ; Peyer, 1946 ), and these teeth look different to those of Strophodus rebecae sp.…”

“…Systematic placement follows Cappetta (2012) and Stumpf et al (2021) . Tooth descriptive terminology follows that of Rees & Underwood (2008) , Leuzinger et al (2017) , Szabó & Főzy (2020) , and Kumar et al (2022) .…”