Hyaluronidase: from clinical applications to molecular and cellular mechanisms

Abstract

Over the past 60 years, hyaluronidase has been successfully utilized in ophthalmic surgery and is now being implemented in dermatosurgery as well as in other surgical disciplines. The enzyme is considered a “spreading factor” as it decomplexes hyaluronic acid (also called hyaluronan, HA), an essential component of the extracellular matrix (ECM). When applied as an adjuvant, hyaluronidase enhances the diffusion capacity and bioavailability of injected drugs. Therefore, the enzyme has been used as a local adjuvant to increase the diffusion capacity of local anesthetics, increasing the analgesic efficacy, and the anesthetized area particularly in the first minutes following injection, resulting in diminished intra- and postoperative pain. In aesthetic medicine, the off-label use of hyaluronidase is considered the gold standard for the management of HA-filler-associated complications. Here, we review the clinical use, underlying biological mechanisms, and future directions for the application of hyaluronidase in surgical and aesthetic medicine.

Modern Approach to Diagnostics, Prevention and Correction of Acne Scarring on the Basis of Study of Skin Morphology by Noninvasive Methods

“…Включение данного препарата в комплексную терапию акне и постакне является целесообразным, по-скольку изменение свойств гиалуроновой кислоты с по-мощью гиалуронидазы позволяет эффективно управлять регенераторным потенциалом клеток внутриклеточного матрикса и значительно влиять на течение репаративных процессов в тканях [5]. Гиалуронидаза обладает высокой способностью деполимеризовать матрикс соединитель-ной ткани в фиброзно-гранулематозных образованиях и подавлением обратной (регуляторной) реакции, направленной на синтез компонентов соединительной ткани.…”

“…В настоящее время большой интерес представляют эффекты гиалуроновой кислоты, влияющей на грануле-матозно-фиброзные процессы, в частности на стабили-зацию гиалуронидазы и подавление синтеза макрофага-ми фибробластстимулирующих факторов [5].…”

Correlating the Anti – Aging Activity with the Bioactive Profile of Chlorella emersonii KJ725233; Its Toxicological Studies for a Potential use in Cosmeceuticals

“…1,8 The age dependent downregulation of skin elastic properties is not only attributed to a decreased synthesis of these proteins, but also to an upregulation of the corresponding proteinases. 26,27 Elastase, a member of the chymotrypsin family of serine proteinases is mainly responsible for the degradation of elastin.…”

“…7 Hyaluronic acid is degraded by another serine proteinase -hyaluronidase whereas collagenase a zinc containing matrix metalloproteinase hydrolyzes collagen. 7,8 The activity of these proteinases is not only stimulated with chronological aging but also with a prolonged UV -exposure. 7 Therefore, the prime mover for anti-aging strategy to achieve healthy, smooth, blemish free and resilient skin is by means of controlling the degradation of the skin structural constituents with regulation of proteinase activity.…”

“…This disparity can be improved by either stimulating the synthesis of the proteins or by altering their breakdown by proteinases. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 In addition to maintaining the skin integrity, these proteinases also play a vital role in inflammatory responses to photo -aging. 9,10 For this purpose, a variety of skin rejuvenation formulations containing ethanolamines, sodium lauryl sulphates, polypeptides or oligopeptides (copper peptides, palmitoyl pentapeptides), tretinoin etc.…”