Hyaluronic Acid Nanohydrogels as a Useful Tool for BSAO Immobilization in the Treatment of Melanoma Cancer Cells

Abstract

An alternative anticancer therapy based on the use of bovine serum amine oxidase (BSAO), an enzyme that converts polyamines over-expressed in malignant cells, into hydrogen peroxide and aldehyde(s), thus inducing high cytotoxicity in cancer cells, was recently proposed. With the aim of improving the system efficacy by exploiting a nanotechnology approach, BSAO is covalently immobilized onto injectable nanohydrogels (NHs) based on cholesterol-graft-hyaluronic acid (HA-CH), a biocompatible conjugate that spontaneously leads to self-assembled structures in aqueous solutions. In this study, the physicochemical properties of the HA-CH-based NHs and the NHs cytocompatibility are reported. The properties of the NHs-BSAO system are also studied in terms of protein residual activity, both in vitro and on a model melanoma cell line.

Highly versatile nanohydrogel platform based on riboflavin-polysaccharide derivatives useful in the development of intrinsically fluorescent and cytocompatible drug carriers

“…The Br-derivative of tetrabutyrilriboflavin was able to react both with the carboxylic groups of HA, similarly to reactions previously carried out with paclitaxel (Leonelli et al, 2005), carboranes (Di Meo et al, 2007), and cholesterol (Montanari et al, 2013), as well as with the hydroxyl groups of Pul in the presence of DMAP as catalyst.…”

“…This approach can generally be carried out with anionic polysaccharides. The reaction, which follows a general scheme already described in literature using different molecules (Leonelli et al, 2005;Di Meo et al, 2007;D'Arrigo et al, 2012;Montanari et al, 2013), was carried out by mixing the Rfv derivative and the polymer in the TBA form, leading to the formation of an ester bond. The reaction scheme is summarized in Scheme 2A.…”

“…Micrographs were recorded at 200 kV under low-dose conditions at a magnification of 40,000 on SO-163 Kodak films. Micrographs were digitized using a film scanner (Montanari et al, 2013;Sémiramoth et al, 2012).…”

“…Among the various polysaccharide systems, pullulan (Akiyoshi et al, 1998), chitosan (Shutava & Lvov, 2006), alginate (Patel, Patel, Shah, & Modasiya, 2011), and hyaluronic acid (Montanari et al, 2013;Nakai et al, 2012;Choi et al, 2011) can be easily derivatized with hydrophobic moieties to form amphiphilic polymers that spontaneously self-assemble in aqueous media, thus forming NHs.…”

Titanium wire implants with nanotube arrays: A study model for localized cancer treatment

“…Direct injections to the tumours in accessible areas such as liver [23], lung [24] and pancreas [25] have shown great promise in treatment; however these intratumour injections suffer from unbalanced drug distribution at the tumour site and fast clearance rates in the body. Hence, some reports have also proposed using microspheres [26e28] and gels [29,30] which can be injected at tumour site resulting in the formation of drug deposited compartments within the tumour for slow release. Another fast developing approach for localized drug delivery is the development of drug releasing implants that can be inserted directly in or near the tumour site to cause initial tumour regression followed by minimal systemic administration of the anti-cancer drug if required [31e34].…”