Hyaluronic Acid Fillers: Where We Have Been and Where We Are Going

Abstract

Since the approval of the United States’ first hyaluronic acid (HA) filler in December 2003, HA fillers have become mainstays of soft tissue augmentation due to their favorable safety profile and minimally invasive treatment nature. The past two decades have not only brought an expansion in the popularity of HA fillers, but also in the number of available HA filler products and indications for cosmetic enhancement. Accordingly, HA filler injection has become one of the most commonly performed cosmetic procedures worldwide. The progression of HA filler products is a study in both biomedical engineering advancements, as well as evolving concepts of beauty and cosmesis. In this chapter, we review the history of these products, including their composition and indications for use. We then explore the prospect of HA fillers for the future of esthetic medicine, as they remain a vital component of nonsurgical soft tissue augmentation.

Investigation of Crosslinking Parameters and Characterization of Hyaluronic Acid Dermal Fillers: From Design to Product Performances

“…Some technologies for the production of HA dermal fillers that are currently available on the market and related product-by-process claims are summarized in Table 1 in order to highlight some relevant process variables. Non-Animal Stabilized HA (NASHA ® ) Galderma -sizing EP3013866B1 [5] Optimal Balance Technology (OBT ® ) -degree of crosslinking sizing WO2018104426A1 [11] Hylacross ® Allergan -high proportion of high to low HA molecular mass US 8357795 B2 [13] Vycross ® -high proportion of low to high HA molecular mass US 7741476 B2 [14] Cohesive Polydensified Matrix (CPM ® ) Merz double HA addition EP1968711B1 [9] Resilient HA (RHA ® ) Teoxane -degree of crosslinking -HA concentration reaction in pouch EP2429486B1 [10] In order to evaluate the impact of important process variables on the viscoelastic behavior of hydrogels, HA solutions were crosslinked at diverse theoretical crosslinking degrees (5-20% mol/mol), polymer concentrations (65-300 mg/mL) and molecular weights of HA starting material (200, 700 and 1800 KDa).…”