Hyaluronic acid-based interpenetrating network hydrogel as a cell carrier for nucleus pulposus repair

Precision medicine strategies for spinal degenerative diseases: Injectable biomaterials with in situ repair and regeneration

“…prepared a mixed interpenetrating network hydrogel by establishing noncovalent crosslinking between HA and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), with good cohesion and rheological properties similar to those of natural NP. At the same time, the hydrogel promoted the encapsulated NP cells to maintain their phenotype and secrete ECM for 4 weeks, which demonstrated the potential for regenerative treatment in IVDD [ 32 ]. Poor mechanical strength of linear HA limits its applicability in the tissue engineering of load-bearing structures [ 33 ].…”

Aggressive strategies for regenerating intervertebral discs: stimulus-responsive composite hydrogels from single to multiscale delivery systems

“…In in vitro experiments, IPN maintained encapsulated NPC adhesion and viability and produced GAG, allowing the production of IVD matrix under physiological load. 98 It was shown that integrin- or syntaxin-binding peptide motifs from laminin induced re-expression of NPCs in IVDD as phenotypically and biosynthetically active. Based on this property, Tan et al 211 cross-linked ALG hydrogels with syntaxin-binding peptides, which were found to enhance the viability of NPCs in harsh environments and upregulate NP-specific protein expression.…”

Repair Strategies and Bioactive Functional Materials for Intervertebral Disc

“…After implanting the HA‐based IPN hydrogel in an isolated disc model for 28 d under physiological load, the phenotype expression, the viability of encapsulated NPCs, and production of IVD matrix demonstrated the therapeutic potential for IVD regeneration. [ 100 ] Recently, advanced strategies such as single‐cell sequencing (scRNA‐seq) and bioinformatic analysis deepen our understanding of the development of NP and AF. In one study, scRNA‐seq was used to identify the population of NP progenitors (ProNPs).…”