Hyaluronan synthase 2 is an adverse prognostic marker in androgen receptor-negative breast cancer

Zhang, Hong; Tsang, Julia Y. S.; Ni, Yun‐Bi; Chan, Siu‐Ki; Chan, Kui-Fat; Cheung, Sai‐Yin; Tse, Gary M.

doi:10.1136/jclinpath-2016-203617

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…It represents the main hyaluronan synthetic enzyme in normal adult cells, and its activity is finely regulated [96]. HAS2 also regulates the developmental and reparation processes of tissue growth, and it may be involved in inflammation, cancer, pulmonary fibrosis and keloid scarring [55,86,97,98,99]. HAS3 is the most active isoenzyme and produces HA molecules with MW lower than 3 × 10 5 Da [60].…”

Section: Biology Of Hamentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyaluronic Acid in the Third Millennium

et al. 2018

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Abstract:Since its first isolation in 1934, hyaluronic acid (HA) has been studied across a variety of research areas. This unbranched glycosaminoglycan consisting of repeating disaccharide units of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid is almost ubiquitous in humans and in other vertebrates. HA is involved in many key processes, including cell signaling, wound reparation, tissue regeneration, morphogenesis, matrix organization and pathobiology, and has unique physico-chemical properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, mucoadhesivity, hygroscopicity and viscoelasticity. For these reasons, exogenous HA has been investigated as a drug delivery system and treatment in cancer, ophthalmology, arthrology, pneumology, rhinology, urology, aesthetic medicine and cosmetics. To improve and customize its properties and applications, HA can be subjected to chemical modifications: conjugation and crosslinking. The present review gives an overview regarding HA, describing its history, physico-chemical, structural and hydrodynamic properties and biology (occurrence, biosynthesis (by hyaluronan synthases), degradation (by hyaluronidases and oxidative stress), roles, mechanisms of action and receptors). Furthermore, both conventional and recently emerging methods developed for the industrial production of HA and its chemical derivatization are presented. Finally, the medical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications of HA and its derivatives are reviewed, reporting examples of HA-based products that currently are on the market or are undergoing further investigations.

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Section: Biology Of Hamentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyaluronic Acid in the Third Millennium

et al. 2018

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“…A study by Zhang et al [97] suggested that the tumor-promoting functions of HAS2 may be antagonized by the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway in AR+ IBC. AR signaling has tumor suppressive effect, particularly in ER+ cancers.…”

Section: Has2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prognostic features concerned higher grade, lymphovascular invasion, basal-like breast cancer subtype, high Ki67 and basal marker expression. It is proposed that HAS2 expression in ARÀ breast cancer may serve as an independent adverse prognostic factor in patient survival [97].…”

Section: Has2mentioning

confidence: 99%

A guide to hyaluronan and related enzymes in breast cancer: biological significance and diagnostic value

2019

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Hyaluronan (HA) is a unique nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan that contributes to breast cancer cells growth and functional properties, including cell migration, invasion, adhesion, as well as tumor‐associated angiogenesis in different stages of breast cancer progression and especially metastasis. Latest data show that the levels of HA and/or low molecular mass HA in blood serum and plasma of breast cancer patients may be a useful biomarker for breast cancer prognosis, differential diagnosis, and patients' treatment monitoring. Therefore, the qualitative and quantitative determination of HA in biological samples is an emerging area of research. This review gathers, categorizes, and sums up all the currently used methodologies to analyze HA and HA‐related enzymes. The advantages, disadvantages, limitations in use, and the information they provide, are critically considered and discussed. Moreover, emphasis is given to the significance of HA determination in breast cancer, as well as of its related enzymes, for diagnosis and prognosis of this type of cancer.

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“…Similarly, the biochemical and synthetic properties of HAS isoforms are distinct: HAS1 is the least active isoenzyme and produces HMW hyaluronan from 2 × 10 5 to 2 × 10 6 Da. HAS2, which represents the main hyaluronan synthetic enzyme in normal adult cells, is more active than HAS1 and synthesises HA chains > 2 × 10 6 Da. It regulates the developmental and reparation processes of tissue growth, and may be involved in inflammation, cancer, pulmonary fibrosis and keloid scarring [7–11]. HAS3 is the most active isoenzyme and produces HA molecules with a MW lower than 3 × 10 5 Da. …”

Section: Ha As a Major Component Of The Ecmmentioning

confidence: 99%

CEMIP (HYBID, KIAA1199): structure, function and expression in health and disease

et al. 2022

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CEMIP (cell migration-inducing protein), also known as KIAA1199 or HYBID, is a protein involved in the depolymerisation of hyaluronic acid (HA), a major glycosaminoglycan component of the extracellular matrix. CEMIP was originally described in patients affected by nonsyndromic hearing loss and has subsequently been shown to play a key role in tumour initiation and progression, as well as arthritis, atherosclerosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Despite the vast literature associating CEMIP with these diseases, its biology remains elusive. The present review article summarises all the major scientific evidence regarding its structure, function, role and expression, and attempts to cast light on a protein that modulates EMT, fibrosis and tissue inflammation, an unmet key aspect in several inflammatory disease conditions.

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Hyaluronan synthase 2 is an adverse prognostic marker in androgen receptor-negative breast cancer

Abstract: HAS2 has been proposed to be a target for therapeutic intervention in cancer. Our findings suggested a possible antagonistic role of AR pathway on HAS2 function. It will be interesting to further investigate their precise interaction, which may have important implication in HAS2 targeting.

Cited by 10 publications

References 30 publications

Hyaluronic Acid in the Third Millennium

Hyaluronic Acid in the Third Millennium

A guide to hyaluronan and related enzymes in breast cancer: biological significance and diagnostic value

CEMIP (HYBID, KIAA1199): structure, function and expression in health and disease

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