Hyaluronan as an Immune Regulator in Human Diseases

Jiang, Dianhua; Liang, Jiurong; Noble, Paul W.

doi:10.1152/physrev.00052.2009

Cited by 881 publications

(981 citation statements)

References 524 publications

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“…In particular, the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan, one of the key components of the vertebrate extracellular matrix, is essential in dynamic cellular systems such as the developing embryo (Camenish et al, 2000;Toole, 2001;Ori et al, 2006;Li et al, 2007;Matsumoto et al 2009;Tammi et al, 2011), tissue wound repair and regeneration (Jiang et al, 2007;Contreras et al, 2009), inflammation processes (Hascall et al, 2004;Jiang et al, 2011), and tumorigenesis (Toole and Slomiany, 2008;Misra et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyaluronan is required for cranial neural crest cells migration and craniofacial development

Casini

Nardi

Ori

2011

Developmental Dynamics

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Background: Hyaluronan is a crucial glycosaminoglycan of the vertebrate embryonic extracellular matrix able to influence cell behaviour, both by assembling the pericellular matrices and by activating signal transducing receptors such as CD44. Results: We showed that the hyaluronan synthases, Has1 and Has2, and CD44 display a dynamic expression pattern during cranial neural crest cells (NCC) development. By knocking down Has1 and Has2 gene functions, we revealed that hyaluronan synthesized by Has1 and Has2 is necessary for the proper development of the visceral skeleton. Conclusions: The data suggest that hyaluronan helps to maintain the active migratory behaviour of cranial NCC, and that its presence around pre-chondrogenic NCC is crucial for their survival. CD44 knock down also suggests that the role of hyaluronan in cranial NCC migration could be mediated, at least in part, by the activation of CD44. These findings contribute to the unveiling of the functional relation between NCC and their extracellular environment during craniofacial development. Developmental Dynamics 241:294-302, 2012. V C 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Key words: hyaluronan; neural crest cell; craniofacial development; Has1; Has2; CD44; extracellular matrix; Xenopus Key findings:Cranial NCC migrate throughout a hyaluronan rich extracellular matrix Hyaluronan synthases 1 and 2 activity is necessary to maintain the migratory behaviour of cranial NCC After NCC migration, the presence of Hyaluronan in the extracellular matrix is necessary for the survival of pre-chondrogenic cranial NCC. CD44, a Hyaluronan receptor, is required for cranial NCC migration but not for their survival. In Xenopus, the craniofacial skeleton formation is deeply influenced by the composition of the extracellular matrix during cranial NCC migration and differentiation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyaluronan is required for cranial neural crest cells migration and craniofacial development

Casini

Nardi

Ori

2011

Developmental Dynamics

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“…Indeed, high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) hyaluronan can even display opposite effects [51,60], and when they are simultaneously present in a specific tissue, they can exert actions different from the simple sum of those of their separate size-related effects [51]. Extracellular HMW HA (≥ 10 6 Da) is anti-angiogenic, as it is able to inhibit endothelial cell growth [51,60,114]. Additionally, due its viscoelasticity, it acts as lubricating agent in the synovial joint fluid, thus protecting the articular cartilage [115].…”

Section: Biological Roles Of Ha In Relation To Its Mwmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, due its viscoelasticity, it acts as lubricating agent in the synovial joint fluid, thus protecting the articular cartilage [115]. HMW HA has also important and beneficial roles in inflammation, tissue injury and repair, wound healing and immunosuppression: it binds fibrinogen and controls the recruitment of inflammatory cells, the levels of inflammatory cytokines and the migration of stem cells [60,93,114].…”

Section: Biological Roles Of Ha In Relation To Its Mwmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two possible mechanisms have been proposed to explain how HA can influence TLRs. According to the first theory, LMW hyaluronan act as agonist for TLR2 and TLR4, thus provoking an inflammatory reaction [51,114]. On the contrary, according to the second theory, hyaluronan does not bind to TLRs, but it is able to regulate TLRs interactions with their ligands through the pericellular jelly barrier that it forms [52].…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Action Of Hamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hyaluronic Acid in the 3<sup>rd</sup> Millennium

Fallacara¹,

Baldini²,

Manfredini³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Since its first isolation in 1934, hyaluronic acid (HA) has been studied across a variety of research areas. This unbranched glycosaminoglycan consisting of repeating disaccharide units of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid is almost ubiquitary in humans and in other vertebrates. HA is involved in many key processes -including cell signaling, wound reparation, tissue regeneration, morphogenesis, matrix organization and pathobiology-, and has unique physico-chemical properties -such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, mucoadhesivity, hygroscopicity and viscoelasticity. For these reasons, exogenous HA has been investigated as drug delivery system and treatment in cancer, ophthalmology, arthrology, pneumology, rhinology, urology, aesthetic medicine and cosmetic. To improve and customize its properties and applications, HA can be subjected to chemical modifications: conjugation and crosslinking. The present review gives an overview regarding HA, describing its history, physico-chemical, structural and hydrodynamic properties, and biology -occurrence, biosynthesis (by hyaluronan synthases), degradation (by hyaluronidases and oxidative stress), roles, mechanisms of action and receptors. Furthermore, both conventional and recently emerging methods developed for the industrial production of HA and its chemical derivatization are presented. Finally, the medical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications of HA and its derivatives are reviewed, reporting examples of HA-based products which currently are on the market or are undergoing further investigations.

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“…2,7,8 The hallmarks of chronic airway inflammation in patients with severe or persistent fungal asthma include the accumulation of activated eosinophils, 9-11 neutrophils, 12,13 lymphocytes 12,14 and ECM components. 15,16 To recapitulate many of the acute and chronic features of clinical fungal asthma, we developed an Aspergillus fumigatus experimental model in which sensitization of mice with fungal extracts is followed by allergy challenge with inhaled Aspergillus conidia. 17 The model results in IgE production, leukocytic pulmonary inflammation, and pronounced peribronchial fibrosis, all of which are exaggerated upon subsequent repeated exposure to inhaled conidia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

B lymphocytes regulate airway granulocytic inflammation and cytokine production in a murine model of fungal allergic asthma

et al. 2014

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Sensitization to fungi often leads to a severe form of asthma that is particularly difficult to manage clinically, resulting in increased morbidity and hospitalizations in these patients. Although B lymphocytes might exacerbate asthma symptoms through the production of IgE, these cells might also be important in the protective response against inhaled fungi. Through cytokine release and T-cell interactions, these lymphocytes might also influence the development and maintenance of airway wall fibrosis. J H 2/2 mice lack the JH gene for the heavy chain component of antibodies, which is critical for B-cell function and survival. These animals have facilitated the elucidation of the role of B lymphocytes in a number of immune responses; however, J H 2/2 mice have not been used to study fungal allergy. In this study, we examined the role of B lymphocytes using an Aspergillus fumigatus murine fungal aeroallergen model that mimics human airway disease that is triggered by environmental fungal exposure. We compared disease progression in sensitized wild-type BALB/c and J H 2/2 mice that were exposed to repeated fungal exposure and found no differences in airway hyperresponsiveness, overall pulmonary inflammation or collagen deposition around the large airways. However, the levels of the Th2-type cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 were significantly attenuated in the airways of J H 2/2 mice relative to the BALB/c controls. By contrast, levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-17A and IL-6 were significantly elevated in the J H 2/2 animals, and there was significantly more robust airway eosinophilia and neutrophilia than in control animals. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that B lymphocytes help to regulate granulocytic responses to fungal exposure in the pulmonary compartment.

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Hyaluronan as an Immune Regulator in Human Diseases

Cited by 881 publications

References 524 publications

Hyaluronan is required for cranial neural crest cells migration and craniofacial development

Hyaluronan is required for cranial neural crest cells migration and craniofacial development

Hyaluronic Acid in the 3<sup>rd</sup> Millennium

B lymphocytes regulate airway granulocytic inflammation and cytokine production in a murine model of fungal allergic asthma

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