Hyaline spheres in auricularia of<i>Stichopus japonicus</i>

Dautov, S. Sh.; Kashenko, S. D.

doi:10.1080/07924259.1995.9672434

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Hyaline spheres were developed at the tip of lateral processes towards the end of the auricularia stage (Figure ). As a nutrient or energy store for the non‐feeding, peri‐metamorphic period before juveniles are competent to feed (Dautov, ; Ramofafia, Byrne & Battaglene, ), the presence of hyaline or lipid spheres in the folds of the ciliated band (Dautov & Kashenko, ; Morgan, ) has been linked to size and the ability to settle and complete metamorphosis. Duy, Francis and Southgate () indicated that larval competence of H. scabra during settlement was strongly correlated with the degree of hyaline sphere development in late auriculariae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of stocking density, ration and temperature on growth, survival and metamorphosis of auricularia larvae of the California sea cucumber, Parastichopus californicus

2017

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The combined effects of stocking density (0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 inds/ml) and dietary microalgal ration (20,000 and 40,000 cells/ml) and the sole effect of temperature (10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 22°C) on the specific growth rate (SGR), per cent survival and per cent metamorphosis of auricularia larvae of the California sea cucumber, Parastichopus californicus, were evaluated in two separate experiments.The SGR was not significantly affected by stocking densities in the range of 0.2 to 4 inds/ml, but was significantly reduced at 8 inds/ml. The SGR of larvae fed 20,000 cells/ml was significantly reduced in comparison to those fed 40,000 cells/ ml. Larvae had significantly higher per cent survival and per cent metamorphosis when reared at densities of 0.2 and 0.5 inds/ml compared with those reared at 2-8 inds/ml. Microalgal ration level did not significantly impact survival or metamorphosis. Larvae reared at 16 and 18°C had significantly higher SGRs and per cent metamorphosis than those held at all other temperatures, while per cent survival was highest at 16°C. Based on these results, we recommend rearing auricularia larvae of P. californicus at a stocking density at or below 0.5 inds/ml, a dietary ration of 40,000 cells/ml, and a temperature of 16°C.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of stocking density, ration and temperature on growth, survival and metamorphosis of auricularia larvae of the California sea cucumber, Parastichopus californicus

2017

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“…Pt alone promoted relatively high survival and growth rates in the early auricularia stage, although it was not a good species for inducing metamorphosis at the late auricularia stage. Dautov & Kashenko () indicated that the hyaline spheres in auricularia of S. japonicus probably store nutrients, which allow the larvae to complete metamorphosis successfully – if so, Pt, Tp and Ts obviously failed to support sufficient nutrient storage in the hyaline spheres of P. californicus auricularia (at least within the time frame of the experiment; metamorphic rates may have increased in those treatments had the larvae been fed longer). Unfed larvae grew poorly, had irregularly shaped stomachs and failed to metamorphose into doliolaria larvae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of mono-species and bi-species microalgal diets on the growth, survival and metamorphosis of auricularia larvae of the California sea cucumber,Parastichopus californicus(Stimpson, 1857)

et al. 2015

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The effects of mono-species and bi-species microalgal diets on body length, survival and metamorphosis of auricularia larvae of the California sea cucumber, Parastichopus californicus, were tested in two separate laboratory feeding experiments. The first examined eight single species of microalgae -Chaetoceros calcitrans (Cc), Chaetoceros muelleri (Cm), Dunaliella tertiolecta (Dt), Isochrysis sp. (Tahitian strain: TISO) (Ti), Pavlova lutheri (Pl), Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Pt), Tetraselmis suecica (Ts) and Thallassiosira pseudonana (Tp). The second experiment took the five most effective single species from the first experiment (i.e. Cc, Cm, Dt, Pl and Ti) and presented them in all possible binary combinations. In the first experiment, Cc was determined to be the best diet on the basis of generating a significantly higher metamorphic rate (65.5 AE 4.2%, mean AE SD) than any other species and leading to one of the best survival rates (72.3 AE 7.6%) and greatest body lengths (831.6 AE 5.6 lm at day 14). In the second experiment, diets containing Cc generally produced the highest survival and metamorphic rates and greatest body lengths (except Cc/Cm) of all mixed diets, although no bispecies treatment was ever significantly superior to a control of Cc alone. Of the various mono-species and bi-species diets evaluated for rearing auricularia larvae of P. californicus, Cc (either alone or mixed with other species) is recommended.

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“…Approximately 40% of the larvae fed flagellates and 15% of the unfed larvae did develop into doliolariae; however, hyaline spheres were either not present or were very poorly developed. Given the importance of lipid‐rich hyaline spheres for metamorphosis and settlement of larvae (Dautov and Kashenko 1995; Battaglene 1999), it is very unlikely that larvae with poorly developed hyaline spheres would have undergone successful metamorphosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and Survival of Larval Sandfish, Holothuria scabra (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), Fed Different Microalgae

Knauer¹

2011

J World Aquaculture Soc

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This study assessed the nutritional value of four species of microalgae for larval sandfish, Holothuria scabra (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Two-day-old larvae were fed either a single diatom (Chaetoceros muelleri, Chaetoceros calcitrans), flagellate (Isochrysis aff. galbana (T-ISO), Pavlova salina), or a ternary microalgal diet (TMD) comprised of 40% C. muelleri, 40% T-ISO, and 20% P. salina for 12 d. On Days 4, 6, and 8 length of larvae fed either C. muelleri, C. calcitrans, or the TMD was significantly greater than in T-ISO and P. salina fed larvae as well as the unfed control larvae. T-ISO fed larvae had a significantly greater length compared to unfed larvae on Days 4, 6, and 8; however, larvae fed P. salina had a significantly greater length compared to unfed larvae on Days 6 and 8 only. Survival of larvae fed either C. muelleri or the TMD was significantly better than the flagellate fed and unfed larvae on Days 4, 8, and 12. There was no significant difference between survival of unfed larvae and larvae fed either T-ISO or P. salina during the 12-d larval culture period. On Day 12, larvae fed either a diatom or the TMD developed in excess of 84% competent doliolariae. Larvae fed C. muelleri had a significantly higher percentage competent doliolariae than larvae from all other treatments except the TMD. Neither larvae fed either T-ISO or P. salina nor unfed larvae developed any competent doliolariae. In conclusion, this study showed C. muelleri to be the most effective of the four microalgae tested as a single microalgal diet for larval H. scabra and, as such, C. muelleri will be used as a reference diet in future studies.

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Hyaline spheres in auricularia ofStichopus japonicus

Cited by 20 publications

References 5 publications

Effects of stocking density, ration and temperature on growth, survival and metamorphosis of auricularia larvae of the California sea cucumber, Parastichopus californicus

Effects of stocking density, ration and temperature on growth, survival and metamorphosis of auricularia larvae of the California sea cucumber, Parastichopus californicus

Effects of mono-species and bi-species microalgal diets on the growth, survival and metamorphosis of auricularia larvae of the California sea cucumber,Parastichopus californicus(Stimpson, 1857)

Growth and Survival of Larval Sandfish, Holothuria scabra (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), Fed Different Microalgae

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