HVC1 ameliorates hyperlipidemia and inflammation in LDLR−/− mice

Abstract

BackgroundHVC1 consists of Coptidis Rhizoma (dried rhizome of Coptischinensis), Scutellariae Radix (root of Scutellariabaicalensis), Rhei Rhizoma (rhizome of Rheum officinale), and Pruni Cortex (cortex of Prunusyedoensis Matsum). Although the components are known to be effective in various conditions such as inflammation, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia, there are no reports of the molecular mechanism of its hypolipidemic effects.MethodsWe investigated the hypolipidemic effect of HVC1 in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (LDLR−/−) mice fed a high-cholesterol diet for 13 weeks. Mice were randomized in to 6 groups: ND (normal diet) group, HCD (high-cholesterol diet) group, and treatment groups fed HCD and treated with simvastatin (10 mg/kg, p.o.) or HVC1 (10, 50, or 250 mg/kg, p.o.).ResultsHVC1 regulated the levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in mouse serum. In addition, it regulated the transcription level of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBP)-2, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), apolipoprotein B (apo B), liver X receptor (LXR), and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α). Furthermore, HVC1 activated 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK).ConclusionOur results suggest that HVC1 might be effective in preventing high-cholesterol diet-induced hyperlipidemia by regulating the genes involved in cholesterol and lipid metabolism, and inflammatory responses.

The Cordyceps militaris-Derived Polysaccharide CM1 Alleviates Atherosclerosis in LDLR(-/-) Mice by Improving Hyperlipidemia

“…Simvastatin, a commonly used anti-hyperlipidemic drug in clinics, significantly decreased the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, but it had little effect on lipid profiles of the LDLR (-/-) mouse. Our data were consistent with previous studies carried out by different groups ( Chen et al, 2002 ; Golledge et al, 2010 ; Cheon et al, 2017 ). Furthermore, the effects of simvastatin on plasma apoAI and apoB were consistent with previous studies ( Cheon et al, 2017 ; Song et al, 2011 ; Ma et al, 2015 ).…”

“…Our data were consistent with previous studies carried out by different groups ( Chen et al, 2002 ; Golledge et al, 2010 ; Cheon et al, 2017 ). Furthermore, the effects of simvastatin on plasma apoAI and apoB were consistent with previous studies ( Cheon et al, 2017 ; Song et al, 2011 ; Ma et al, 2015 ). Mechanistically, the anti-atherosclerotic effect of simvastatin can be mainly attributed to its anti-inflammatory and vascular repair functions in LDLR (-/-) mice ( Chen et al, 2002 ; Cheon et al, 2017 ).…”

“…Accumulating evidence have demonstrated that natural compounds in foods of the daily human diet are important in preventing chronic non-communicable diseases, such as CVD (Ciecierska et al, 2019). Polysaccharide is one of these natural compounds, and its activity depends on the monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, glycosyl linkage pattern, degree of branching, and solubility.…”

Thirteen-Week Oral Toxicity Study of HVC1 in Rats

“…During the process of obtaining Investigational New Drug (IND) approval of these herbal medicines, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety of Korea demands efficacy data and toxicity data including acute, subacute (4-week), and repeated dose (13-week) oral toxicity. Therefore, we prepared an herbal extract (Gamisamhwangsasim-tang, abbreviated HVC1) of SR, CR, RR, and PC and investigated the hypotensive and hypolipidemic effects of this preparation and the results have already been reported [12–15]. In addition, we have also evaluated acute and subacute toxicity studies and reported safety results [15].…”

Anti-Obesity Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum LB818 Is Associated with Regulation of Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet-Fed Obese Mice

“…Recent studies revealed that SMV treatment results in a marked improvement in serum and hepatic lipids and enzymes profiles, including TG, TC, LDL, and HDL in HFD-induced obese rats or mice. [32][33][34] Collectively, these results indicate that LB818 exerts its anti-diabetic effect by combating body weight gain, reduces fat accumulation, by glucose homeostasis. Moreover, LB818 treatment showed marked improvement in hepatocyte morphology and less accumulation of lipid in HFD-fed mice; similar effects with treatment by SMV further support the anti-obesity efficacy of LB818.…”